Political Sociology final

approximating experiences (stone)

ways individuals relate to oppression through different forms of connection or understanding.

border walls (brown)

wall building = symptom of eroding sovereignty (globalization)

walls = ineffective

rerouting (death sentences), more permanent migration, smugglers/coyotes (U.S. citizens)

Walls = paradoxical

threats increase, often non-physical

walled democracies suspend the law

property rights, environmental, international law

walls influence political subjectivity

what it means to be a political subject

Borrowed approximations (stone)

knowing a member of the oppressed group and witnessing suffering

civilizations and argument (huntington)

conflicts of the future will be between civilizations rather than ideologies; civilizations are the highest cultural grouping and source of identity

collective action

individuals acting together collectivly in support/opposition to an issue; occurs when a particular issue arises that elicits public interest/concern.

colonialism

Expansion of Europe to secure living space and riches elsewhere (16th century-present)

colonial logics

ways of thinking/talking that justify colonization: morals - good/evil, time - progress/backwardness, paradigm - difference

ethnosexual politics (Nagel)

intersectional connections between race, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender in the construction of nations

Forced Relocation (deer)

westward removal/displacement and “urban relocation” of Native peoples; part of slow genocide.

framing theory

social movements must communicate effectively; framing converts an individual problem into a social injustice and draws on cultural environment and interpretation.

global approximations (stone)

empathy in connection to political orientation

great replacement theory

notion that immigration is causing decline in white population (“white genocide”); fuels anti-immigrant sentiment and pro-nationalism

grievances

Resentment regarding a particular arrangement, from French grever (to grieve)

“Hispanic Challenge” (huntington)

Argument that Latinx (especially mexican immigrants) will transform American culture into two peoples, two cultures, and two languages

critiques of hispanic challenge

culture is not an adequare explanatory variable (ignores material conditions), “western values” are not unique to the West, assumes “american” = white, european, protestant

“Hot Latina” vs. “Marianismo” (Chavez)

used to control and define Latina identity in politics and culture

“Hot Latina”

hypersexualized, excessive

“Marianismo”

pure, moral, self-sacrificing

human trafficking & Indigenous Peoples (Deer)

Human trafficking is both international and domestic; government can act as trafficker; tied to gendered impacts of colonialism and victim-blaming of Native women.

Image Politics (Postman)

Politics shaped by visuals, emotion, and symbolism rather than substance; includes lack of historical context and impossibility of response

imperialism

ideological justifications offered to expand colonial holdings; goal is to extend national strength and dominance (18th century-present)

jus sanguinis (right of blood)

citizenship based on ancestry or parentage

jus soli (right of soil)

citizenship based on where you are born

kin civilizations (Huntington)

alliances between states will form along civilizational lines

manufactoring consent

how mass media advances the interests of the powerful and spreads propaganda without overt coercion; emphasizes role of advertisers, corporations, and news sources.

nation

a collection of people with a common culture, and by implication, a common territory

Civic Nationalism

national identity = consent to common political system

Ethnic nationalism

national identity = belonging to same ethnic group

overlapping approximations (Stone)

analogy to oppression you have suffered

Orwell vs. Huxley (Postman)

Orwell: fear of control through censorship and oppression. Huxley: fear of control through distraction, pleasure, and trivialization

political opportunity theory

social movements need political openings/opportunities: access to political structures, influential allies, conflicts that create schisms.

residential schools (Deer)

U.S. government - supported schools aimed at forced assimilation of Native children; “kill the Indian in him and save the man.”

resource mobilization theory

social movements need resources: money and labor, organization, involvement of individuals outside the movement, assessments of costs and rewards for members

social movement

A set of opinions and beliefs for changing some elements of the social structure and/or rewards distribution of a society

sovereignty (Brown)

supreme power and control over territory and domestic affairs; linked to national self-determination but also tension with international law

state of exception

areas of society where law can be suspended (emergencies, wars), leaving some people outside legal protection

stratified reproduction (Chavez)

reproduction characterized as positive for some women and not others; “normative” reproduction = white woman

technology as ideology (postman)

technology promotes values like speed, convenience, and “neutrality"," shaping how people think.

Treaty of Westphalia (Brown)

Commonly recognized as the beginning of the modern state system and national sovereignty.

Colonialism vs. imperialism

colonialsm : practice of expansion and control of land/people. Imperialism : ideological justification for that expansion