Lab 3

hard palate

made of bone

soft palate

fibromuscular structure

uvula

covers nasal cavity with soft palate to prevent food entry when swallowing

nasopharynx

includes eustachian tube

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

trachea

15-20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep trachea open

hyaline cartilage and PSCC

primary bronchi

the two large air passages that diverge from the trachea and lead into the lungs.

bronchioles

smaller air passages that branch from the bronchi and lead to alveoli.

superior lung (left)

inferior lobe (left)

cardiac notch

aveoli

are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

simple squamous epithelium

aveoli

are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

simple squamous epithelium

frontal sinus

ethmoid sinus

maxillary sinus

sphenoid sinus

larynx

voice box/speech

epiglottis

forms a lid over larynx when we swallow food (dotn inhale food)

thyroid cartilage(Adams apple)

larger in males cause of testosterone

parotid gland

secretes saliva (contains mucus and amylase)

submandibular gland

secretes saliva (contains mucus and amylase)

sublingual gland

secretes saliva (contains mucus and amylase)

ileocecal vlave

keeps materials in large intestine from reentering small intestine

cecum

appendix

is a pouch attached to the cecum that can be involved in the immune response.

asecding colon

transverse colon

descending colon

sigmoid colon

rectum

anal canal

external anal sphincter

skeltal muscle; voluntary

relax during defecation

internal anal aphincter

smooth muscle; voluntary

relax during defecation

fundus

cardiac region

body

pyloric region

pyloric sphincter

smooth muscle; controls gastric emptying

esophogus

rugae

increased surface area

allows stomach to stretch

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

ascending colon

transverse colon

descending colon

sigmoid colon

fundus

cardiac region

body

pyloric region

pyloric sphincter

smooth muscle; controls gastric emptying

rugae

increases surface area

allows stomach to strecth

duodenum

nasal conchae

esophogus

cardiac sphincter/

lower esophogeal sphincter

smooth muscle; prevents stomach acid contrents from entering esophogus

greater curvature

lesser curvature

cecum

cardiac sphincter/

lower esophogeal sphincter

smooth muscle; prevents stomach acid contrents from entering esophogus

components of the oral cavity

hard palate

soft plaate

uvula

where is the circoid cartilage locatde

inferior to thyroid cartilage/Adams apple

types of bronhi

primary

secondary

tertiary

how many lobes in right lung

3

how many lobes in left lung

2

what is the outer layer of seruour membrane that attaches thoracic wall and diaphragm

parieal pleura

what is the inner layer of serous membrane that covers/contacts lungs

visceral pleura

what si the cavity between parietal and visceral pleura

The pleural cavity is the space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura that contains pleural fluid, allowing the lungs to expand and contract smoothly during respiration.

what si the function of serous fluid in the serous cavity

Serous fluid reduces friction between the parietal and visceral pleura during lung movement, facilitating smooth respiratory motions.

fcuntion of diapghrm

contracts to inhale

relaxes to exhale

what is the disphrm made of

skelta muscle (involuntary

exaplain airflow thru the respiratory system

nasal cavity

pharynx

larynx

trachea

bronchi

bronchioles

alveoli

tissue types in nasal cavity

PSCC

tissue types in pharynx

stratified squamous epithelium

tissue types in larynx

PSCC

tissue types in thyroid cartilage

hyaline cartilage

tissue types in cricoid cartilage

hyaline cartilage

tissue types in epiglottis

elastic cartilage

tissue types in trachea

PSCC

hyaline cartilage

tissue types in bronchi

PSCC

hyaline cartilage

tissue types in bronchiole

smooth muscle

tissue types in aveoli

simple squamous eptithelium

what measures respiratory voumes

Spirometer

tidal volume

amount for air inhales or exhales with each breath under resting conditions (500 mL)

inspiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal todal volume inhalation (3000mL)

expiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal todal volume exhalation (1200mL)

vital capacity

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled (4800 mL)

fucntion of the pahrynx

a shared passageway for food and air

what do parietal cells secrete

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

what do chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

(inactive preotin digesting enzyme)

how does pepsinogen become pepsin

when it comes in contact with HCl in the stomach

digestuin of proteins then beings in the stomach

primary function of small intestines

nutrient absorption

what is a distinguishing feature of the small intestines that increases surface area for absorption

villi and microvilli

fucntions of the large intestine

absorbs water

forms and stores feces

eliminates waste

from the body, houses intestinal bacteria

what makes something an accessory organ in the digestive sustem

does not come in contact with food

aid in digestion still

accessory organs of the digestive system

salivary glands

liver

gallballder

pancreas

fucntion of the liver

makes bile to break up large fat particles into smaller ones for lipase to work