NHA CCMA 3.0 Module #6: Infection Control and Safety

Sanitization

The cleaning process which comes first and reduces the number of microbes so the object can be sterilized

Sterilization

The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

Disinfection

The process of destroying pathogens or rendering them inactive on surfaces and items

Autoclaving

the process of using heat of 250-270 degrees F and pressure to kill ALL microbes

Exposure Control Plan (ECP)

Should be updated annually. Should contain:

engineering controls,

workplace controls,

PPE, Hepatitis B vaccinations, Post-exposure follow up,

Labels and signs to communicate hazards, Info and training employees, Documented employee medical training and records

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)

An infection that is acquired in a hospital setting, formerly known as a nosocomial infection

Rubella

German measles

Meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

Varicella

chicken pox; follow airborne precautions

Tuberculosis

An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs; Follow airborne precautions

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus; Follow standard precautions

Sharps Container

OSHA required receptacle for the proper disposal of sharps

What should be placed in a Sharps Container?

used glass capillary tubes, needles, scissors, blades (any item with a sharp edge)

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

info sheets on the safe use of and hazards of chemicals, as well as emergency steps to take in the event chemicals are splashed, sprayed, or ingested

When should you perform hand hygiene?

entering/leaving a patient's room; before/after patient contact; after contact with contaminated surfaces; after glove removal; after using the restroom; before/after eating; arriving/leaving work

Cover the mouth and nose

when coughing and sneezing with a tissue

Biohazard Waste

Material that present a potential or actual risk to the health of humans, animals, or the environment

Types of viruses

Rhinovirus (common cold)

Varicella(chicken pox)

HIV/AIDS

Hepatitis

Coronavirus

Bacteria

E.coli (urinary tract infections)

Vibrio cholerae(cholera)

Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)

Fungi

Histoplasmosis (lung infection passed on my bird/bat droppings)

Tinea pedis (athletes foot)

Candida albicans (yeast infection)

Parasites

Toxoplasmosis

Pinworm

Tapeworms

Lice

Chain of Infection

1. Causative Agent

2. Reservoir

3. Portal of Exit

4. Mode of Transmission

5. Portal of Entry

6. Susceptible

Donning PPE

Gown

Mask

Eye protection

Mask

Removing PPE

Gloves

Gown

Eye protection

Mask

Removing gloves

1. Pinch the outside of the glove near the wrist

2. Pull down glove down away from wrist turning it inside out

3.Pull the glove away from the hand until removed, hold contaminating glove in opposite hand

4.with gloved hand slide finger under the wrist of the remaining glove. MUST BE DONE WITHOUT TOUCHING THE SURFACE OF THE GLOVE.

5. Pull down and turn the glove inside out as you pull it off the hand

6. Continue to pull the glove down over the inside out glove held in hand

CDC Hand Hygiene Recommendations

Before and after every task

Contact Precautions

Transmission through direct and indirect touching

Droplet Precautions

Transmission by contact of secretions and usually occurs when an infected person coughs or sneezes

Airborne Precautions

Transmission by infectious agents floating in the air

Quality Control

Performed to ensure the reliability of test results through detecting and eliminating error

Viral Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges caused by a virus; Follow contact, droplet, and oral-fecal precautions

Bacterial Meningitis

inflammation of the meninges caused by bacteria; Follow droplet precautions

Conjunctivitis

pink eye; Follow contact precautions

Rhinovirus

common cold; Follow airborne precautions

Strep Throat

Streptococcus pyogenes; Follow droplet precautions

Pertussis

whooping cough; Follow droplet precautions

Influenza

flu; Follow droplet precautions