COM 112 Final Exam

We communicate to feel less lonely, it meets social needs.

Initiation Stage of relationship development

We communicate to express feelings of love and to increase intimacy that meets social needs.

Intensifying stage of relationship development

We communication to express our unique identity and nurture its growth.

Differentiating Stage of Relationship Maintenance

We communicate to explore compatibility as we seek to meet social needs.

Experimenting stage of relationship development

Communication helps us secure practical, tangible needs for life, like buying a home, securing legal connections that provide security.

Bonding stage of relationship development and Maintenace

Cultural emphasis on either group membership or autonomy

Collectivism vs Individualism

Message meaning can be located in the language itself or in the setting.

low context vs. high context

Cultural emphasis on material success vs. relationship development and maintenance

Achievement vs Nuturing

Different ways of coping with an unpredictable future.

Uncertainty avoidance

The degree to which members of a society accept an unequal distribution of the ability to influence their lives.

Power distance

Communication strategies  you use when with Nana so she will see you a certain way

Impression Management strategies that are not in Johari's Window

Information that neither you nor your Nana know about you.

Unknown self

Information your Nana knows about you that you don't know about you.

Blind Self

Information you keep secret from Nana

Hidden Self

Information you willingly share with Nana:

Open Self

Nana shouts at her 3 year old granddaughter for putting her head into a buttered bowl instead of celebrating the curiosity the child is demonstrating. The granddaughter cries and thinks she's bad because she thinks she did something wrong.

Reflected appraisal

You are an RA for the dorm so you are careful not to set a bad example for the people who live in the dorm.

Roles assumed

You check the exam grade distribution to see where you rank in class performance on the test. You feel better about yourself when you see that the mean score was 70 and your score was 80.

Social Comparision

After hearing the different opinions your parents have about you and your awareness of who you are in relation to others, you decide that your parents don't really know you.

Critical thinking

A college education has been emphasized as important to success. You learned this at home, in grade school and high school, and in your community in general.

Cultural Teachings

While watching tv, Roger realizes he hears muffled thump sounds coming from the kitchen. He mutes the tv to focus on the sound.

Selection

The roommate sees Roger watching her throw food away. Roger says to her, “thanks for cleaning out the fridge.” She says, “no, I’m not cleaning the fridge. I’m cleaning up after you. You left the fridge door open all day and everything is ruined.”

negotiation

Roger goes into the kitchen and sees his roommate throwing half-full jars of condiments into the plastic kitchen trash container. The roommate doesn't notice Roger as she keeps throwing food away. The sound Roger heard while watching tv makes sense. 

organizing

Roger sees his roommate throwing food away and assumes the food is spoiled and no longer edible. People don't throw edible food away.

interpretation

Cleaning out the refrigerator can be seen as simply “throwing away spoiled food” or “cleaning up after your roommate’s carelessness.”

first vs second order

You know it's okay to use slang with a friend but not to use slang with a client.

language is rule governed

The idea that the words "first date" can elicit excitement for one person and dread for another.

language is subjective

Studies of language show that a description of a picture in French carries more emotion than the description of the same pictures in English.

linguistic relativity

The idea that when you stay a word such as tree, the object does not spew from your mouth. Yet, your conversation partner can picture the object or referent in their mind's eye.

language is symbolic

Realities reflected and created in language vary based on the different experiences of groups of people. Differing cultures have different languages

sapir worf hypothesis

Nana opens her arms wide as she says to her granddaughter, “I love you THIS much!”

illustrator

The guest at the restaurant wants to speak with their server so the make eye contact with him.

Regulator

The professor asks his class, "can you hear me in the back?" and the students in the back say nothing but give him a thumbs up.

emblem

Three sisters each get a tattoo of a puzzle piece that when viewed together form a heart in a family tree.

body adornment

The employee is nervous during his performance evaluation so he shakes his foot.

adaptor

Wanda said to her friend, “you sound worried that the party will be a big fail.”

empathic listening

Callie listens to how much her roommate is talking about a new friend the roommate has. Callie says, “you are talking a lot about this girl. Sounds like love.”

depth listening

Jessica and Bob are standing at the sideline of the dance floor, jumping to the music. Bob turns to Jessica and asks if she wanted to dance. Jessica respond, “We are dancing!”

surface listening

As Wanda was talking with her friend about how much ice they would need for their party, she questioned her roommate’s estimate by responding, “you said 10 people will be there and we need 10 bags of ice. That sounds like a lot of ice. Maybe too much.”

critical listening

Wanda agreed to help her friend run errands before the party she and her friend was hosting. Wanda made a list as her friend told her what needed to be done.

content listening

Information that conveys your thoughts and feelings.

psychological data

Information about what is and is not allowed in the relationship you have with a specific person, information you both agree to.

Personally established rules

The degree of intimacy in a relationship is a function of the types of information you have with that person.

Developmental definition of interpersonal relationship intimacy

Information that provides insight on why you do what you do.

Explanatory knowledge

The type of relationship that operates according to social rules established by the culture within which your are interacting

Definition of Impersonal Relationship

The belief that one should do nothing that can hurt or inconvenience others because is till be a catalyst for undesirable feelings. 

Fallacy of Causation

The belief that worthwhile communicators should be able to handle any situation with complete confidence and skill. 

Fallacy of Perfection

Basing a belief on a limited amount of information. 

Fallacy of Overgeneraliztion

Seeking acceptance of others to the point of sacrificing one's own principles and happiness. 

Fallacy of Approval

The belief that forces beyond ones control determine satisfaction in life. 

Fallacy of Helplessness

You seek out a person because when you are with them you feel part of something

inclusion

You seek out a person because the positive feelings you have for each other are demonstrated verbally and nonverbally

affection

You stay with a person because when you express an opinion or preference, s/he acknowledges it. S/he demonstrates behavior s/he knows you prefer and avoids those s/he knows you don't like. You have influence in the relationshiup.

control

Conflict style in which parties "meet in the middle" (giving up some to get some of what was wanted)

Compromise

Conflict style that involves giving in to the demands of the other.

Accomodation

Conflict style characterized by a win/lose dynamic.

Competition

Occurs when people ignore or stay away from conflict situations.

avoidance

The style of handling conflict that involves a high degree of concern for both parties and willingness to redine the conflict issue. 

collaboration

When communicators focus on finding a solution that satisfies both their own needs and those of the others involved.

problem-orientation

occurs when a sender seems to be imposing a solution on the receiver, with little regard for that person’s needs or interests.

Controlling Communication

When communicators don’t want to argue but still want to register dissatisfaction.

complaining

When people express openness to others’ ideas and opinions. You may have strong opinions yourself, but in this supportive style of communication, you acknowledge that you don’t have a corner on the truth.

Provisionalism

Cultures in which the loyalty or obligation toward in-group has priority and identity is a function of how its members contribute to group welfare.

collectivism oriented culture

The TED talk "Don't Ask Me Where I'm From, Ask Me Where I'm Local" illustrates which characteristic of culture?

culture is dynamic

_____________ describes the interplay of social categories including gender, race, socioeconomic status, and disability status.

Intersectionality

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-disclosure?

It is unintentional

The communication strategies people use to influence how others view them is called ___________.

Impression Management

The view that self-concept can be seen as a product of the messages you’ve received throughout your life is known as _______.

reflected appraisal

Which of the following is supported by research related to how the self-concept develops?

All that are listed are supported by research on self concept development.

The TED animation on the Imposter Syndrome illustrates what characteristic of self-concept?

Self-concept is flexible

Which of the folloowing research findings is true?

People with high self-esteem do not necessarily have the better friendships and relationships that they think they have (Baumeister, et. al., 2003)

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Social Penetration Model for Self-disclosure?

Factual information does not count as self-disclosure even when the facts have been otherwise unknown.

The perception error of judging ourselves in the most generous terms possible is known as ________.

Self-serving Bias

The ability to cognitively or emotionally recreate another person’s perspective is known as ________.

empathy

The idea that we are influenced by the obvious is due to the strength of mental templates called __________.

Schemata

The interviews with Indian Americans reflected what error in perception they experience?

Stereotyping

Which of the following is FALSE regarding factors that influence interpretation of perceptions?

Cognitive complexity plays a greater role in interpretation than does personality

__________ is the phase in the perception process that is influenced by intensity and novelty of stimulus.

Selection

The perception concept that involves determination of causes and effects in a series of interactions is known as ________.

punctuation

In the perception process, _______ refers to the meaning we attach to physically observable qualities.

Second-order reality

The notion that the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak is known as:

Linguistic Relativism

The idea that it is often necessary to negotiate a shared meaning in order for satisfying communication to occur relates to which characteristic of the communication model.

Meanings exist in and among people

Rules that tell us what uses and interpretations of a message are appropriate in a given context are: 

pragmatic rules

Nonverbal messages are best at communicating ____________. 

emotions

Proxemics is the study of how communication is:

affected by the use, organization, and perception of space and distance.

All of the following are characteristics of nonverbal communication *except:* 

the meanings of nonverbal communication are universal.

is what people do when they like to think that they can remember a whole story and manufacture information so when they retell what they listened to, they can give the impression they “got it all”

filling in the gaps

Reflecting a speaker’s thoughts, feelings, and wants is associated with which type of listening response? 

paraphrasing

Which of the following is a contributing factor for understanding messages?

knowledge about the source of the message

___________ cultures discourage revealing emotions which could be considered hurtful to others or negative.

Collectivist

An increased heartbeat, a rise in blood pressure, and an increase in adrenaline secretions are all part of which emotional component?

Physiological Changes

Monitoring self-talk is a way to ____________. 

minimize debilitative emotions

Based on Attraction Theory, if you are a member of an online group that has to do with a hobby you enjoy, you are more likely to become attracted to a person also on that same online forum. Which basis/bases for attraction explains this outcome?

similarity and proximity

The dimension of a message that refers to objective reality or the subject of conversation is know as __________.

content dimension of a message

The theory that explains relationship development using an economic model is __________.

Exchange Theory

Which of the following is not a strategy for relationship maintenance?

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Commitment to total honesty in the relationship.

Self-disclosure is most related to which dialectical tension?

expression-privacy

The following are all types of friendships EXCEPT: 

Achievement vs. Nurturing

Families low in conversation orientation and high in conformity orientation are ______________.

protective

What element in definition of conflict is present which you tell your partner what is bothering you and your partner eplains why s/he is reluctant to accommodate you?

Expressed Struggle