Renal System and Disorders

A set of vocabulary flashcards highlighting key terms and concepts related to the renal system and its disorders.

Electrolyte Imbalances

An abnormality in the levels of electrolytes in the body, which can affect various bodily functions.

Renal System

The organ system that comprises the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, responsible for urine production and excretion.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

An infection in any part of the urinary system, most commonly caused by E. coli.

Cystoscopy

A procedure used to examine the bladder and urethra using a cystoscope.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A clinical condition characterized by massive proteinuria and edema, resulting from diffuse glomerular damage.

Hydronephrosis

The dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to obstruction of urine flow.

Urolithiasis

The formation of stones in the urinary tract.

Acute Pyelonephritis

A sudden and severe kidney infection that involves the renal pelvis and kidney parenchyma.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, commonly due to infection or autoimmune diseases.

Kidney Transplantation

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a recipient with end-stage renal failure.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can be caused by infection.

Urosepsis

A bloodstream infection that originates from the urinary tract.

IV Pyelogram (IVP)

An imaging test that uses a dye to visualize the kidneys and urinary tract.

Kidney Function Tests (KFTs)

Blood tests and other assessments used to evaluate renal function.

Dialysis

A medical procedure that removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so.

Electrolytes

Minerals in the body fluids that carry an electric charge, important for various physiological functions.

Aldosterone

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium levels.

Renal Biopsy

A procedure to remove a small piece of kidney tissue for examination.

Bladder Ultrasonography

A noninvasive imaging technique used to measure urine volume in the bladder.

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by infection.