Chapter 61 - Consolidated Regions and Musculature of the Lower Limbs

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Last updated 11:32 PM on 6/16/26
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161 Terms

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The lower limb consists of the following regions:

Hip

Gluteal region

Thigh

Knee

Leg

Ankle

Foot

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gluteal region

The gluteal region is an area of transition from the trunk to the lower limb.

<p>The gluteal region is an area of transition from the trunk to the lower limb.</p>
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why is the gluteal region part of the lower limb

Because many structures here act on the lower limb, it is considered to be a part of the lower limb.

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latin for hip

coxa

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latin for buttock

clunis

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latin for thigh

femur

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latin for knee

genu

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latin for leg

crus

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latin for calf

sura

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latin for ankle

talus

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latin for foot

pes

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latin for heel

calx

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latin for sole

planta

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latin for toes

digiti pedis

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latin for big toe

hallux

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functions of lower limb

support body weight

locomotion

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Lower limb is connected to the trunk by ________, it is formed by ______

Like the upper limb, the lower limb is connected to the trunk by a girdle.

It is formed by the 2 hip bones, which are joined in front, but are separated behind by the sacrum

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Pelvic girdle is formed by the _____ hip bones, which are joined in ____, but are separated ________

2

front

behind the sacrum

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Muscles of the gluteal region

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

tensor fasciae latae

<p>gluteus maximus</p><p>gluteus medius</p><p>gluteus minimus</p><p>tensor fasciae latae</p>
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gluteus maximus: action

extend and laterally rotate thigh at hip

<p>extend and laterally rotate thigh at hip</p>
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gluteus maximus: innervation

inferior gluteal nerve

<p>inferior gluteal nerve</p>
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gluteus medius: action

abduct and medially rotate thigh at hip

<p>abduct and medially rotate thigh at hip</p>
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gluteus medius: innervation

superior gluteal nerve

<p>superior gluteal nerve</p>
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gluteus minimus: action

abduct and medially rotate thigh at hip

<p>abduct and medially rotate thigh at hip</p>
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gluteus minimus: innervation

superior gluteal nerve

<p>superior gluteal nerve</p>
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tensor fasciae latae: action

flex and medially rotate thigh at hip

<p>flex and medially rotate thigh at hip</p>
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tensor fasciae latae: innervation

superior gluteal nerve

<p>superior gluteal nerve</p>
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lateral rotators

Piriformis,

superior Gemellus,

Obturator internus,

inferior Gemellus,

quadratus femoris,

obturator externus

6 muscles

Pee GO GO Quickly

<p>Piriformis, </p><p>superior Gemellus, </p><p>Obturator internus, </p><p>inferior Gemellus, </p><p>quadratus femoris, </p><p>obturator externus </p><p>6 muscles</p><p>Pee GO GO Quickly </p>
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piriformis: action

laterally rotates thigh at hip

<p>laterally rotates thigh at hip</p>
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piriformis: innervation

nerve to piriformis

<p>nerve to piriformis</p>
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superior gemellus: action

laterally rotates thigh at hip

<p>laterally rotates thigh at hip</p>
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superior gemellus: innervation

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

<p>nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus</p>
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obturator internus: action

laterally rotates thigh at hip

<p>laterally rotates thigh at hip</p>
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obturator internus: innervation

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

<p>nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus</p>
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inferior gemellus: action

laterally rotates thigh at hip

<p>laterally rotates thigh at hip</p>
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inferior gemellus: innervation

nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

<p>nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus</p>
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quadratus femoris: action

laterally rotates thigh at hip

<p>laterally rotates thigh at hip</p>
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quadratus femoris: innervation

nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

<p>nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus</p>
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obturator externus: action

laterally rotates thigh at hip

<p>laterally rotates thigh at hip</p>
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obturator externus: innervation

posterior branch of obturator nerve

<p>posterior branch of obturator nerve</p>
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anterior thigh muscles

Iliopsoas

Sartorius

Quadriceps femoris

--> rectus femoris

--> vastus lateralis

--> vastus medialis

--> vastus intermedius

(I Start Quizzing Random Vaccinated Vegan Valedictorians)

<p>Iliopsoas</p><p>Sartorius</p><p>Quadriceps femoris</p><p>--&gt; rectus femoris</p><p>--&gt; vastus lateralis</p><p>--&gt; vastus medialis</p><p>--&gt; vastus intermedius</p><p>(I Start Quizzing Random Vaccinated Vegan Valedictorians)</p>
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iliopsoas: action

flexion of trunk

<p>flexion of trunk</p>
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iliopsoas: innervation

femoral nerve

<p>femoral nerve</p>
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What is iliopsoas muscle composed of

iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle

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sartorius: action

flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip

flexes leg at knee

(tailors muscle)

<p>flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip</p><p>flexes leg at knee</p><p>(tailors muscle)</p>
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sartorius: innervation

femoral nerve

<p>femoral nerve</p>
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quadriceps femoris parts

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

<p>rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius</p>
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rectus femoris: action

flex thigh at hip, extend leg at knee

<p>flex thigh at hip, extend leg at knee</p>
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rectus femoris: innervation

femoral nerve

<p>femoral nerve</p>
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vastus lateralis: action

extend leg at knee

<p>extend leg at knee</p>
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vastus lateralis: innvervation

femoral nerve

<p>femoral nerve</p>
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vastus medialis: action

extends leg at knee

<p>extends leg at knee</p>
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vastus medialis: innervation

femoral nerve

<p>femoral nerve</p>
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vastus intermedius: action

extend leg at knee

<p>extend leg at knee</p>
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vastus intermedius: innervation

femoral nerve

<p>femoral nerve</p>
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medial thigh muscles

Gracilis

Pectineus

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

(GPA Always Awesome)

(In order of the way they appear on body:

Pectineus

Add Magnus

Add Brevis

Add Longus

Gracilis)

<p>Gracilis</p><p>Pectineus</p><p>Adductor longus</p><p>Adductor brevis</p><p>Adductor magnus</p><p>(GPA Always Awesome)</p><p>(In order of the way they appear on body:</p><p>Pectineus</p><p>Add Magnus</p><p>Add Brevis </p><p>Add Longus</p><p>Gracilis)</p>
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gracilis: action

adducts thigh at hip

flex leg at knee

<p>adducts thigh at hip</p><p>flex leg at knee</p>
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gracilis: innervation

anterior branch of obturator nerve

<p>anterior branch of obturator nerve</p>
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pectineus: action

adducts and flexes thigh at hip

<p>adducts and flexes thigh at hip</p>
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pectineus: innervation

femoral nerve

<p>femoral nerve</p>
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adductor longus: action

adduct and flex thigh at hip

<p>adduct and flex thigh at hip</p>
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adductor longus: innervation

anterior branch of obturator nerve

<p>anterior branch of obturator nerve</p>
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adductor brevis: action

adduct and flex thigh at hip

<p>adduct and flex thigh at hip</p>
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adductor brevis: innervation

anterior branch of obturator nerve

<p>anterior branch of obturator nerve</p>
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adductor magnus parts

adductor part (ischiopubic ramus) and extensor part (ischial tuberosity)

<p>adductor part (ischiopubic ramus) and extensor part (ischial tuberosity)</p>
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adductor magnus (adductor part): action

adduct and flex thigh at hip

<p>adduct and flex thigh at hip</p>
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adductor magnus (extensor part): action

extend thigh at hip

<p>extend thigh at hip</p>
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adductor magnus (adductor part): innervation

posterior branch of obturator nerve

<p>posterior branch of obturator nerve</p>
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adductor magnus (extensor part): innervation

tibial part of sciatic nerve

<p>tibial part of sciatic nerve</p>
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posterior thigh muscles (hamstrings)

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris (long head and short head)

<p>Semitendinosus</p><p>Semimembranosus</p><p>Biceps femoris (long head and short head)</p>
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semitendinosus: action

extend thigh at hip

flex leg at knee

<p>extend thigh at hip</p><p>flex leg at knee</p>
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semitendinosus: innervation

tibial part of sciatic nerve

<p>tibial part of sciatic nerve</p>
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semimembranosus: action

extends thigh at hip

flex leg at knee

<p>extends thigh at hip</p><p>flex leg at knee</p>
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semimembranosus: innervation

tibial part of sciatic nerve

<p>tibial part of sciatic nerve</p>
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biceps femoris parts

long head and short head

<p>long head and short head</p>
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biceps femoris LONG HEAD: action

extend thigh at hip, flex leg at knee

<p>extend thigh at hip, flex leg at knee</p>
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biceps femoris LONG HEAD: innervation

tibial part of sciatic nerve

<p>tibial part of sciatic nerve</p>
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biceps femoris SHORT HEAD: action

lateral rotation of leg at knee

<p>lateral rotation of leg at knee</p>
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biceps femoris SHORT HEAD: innervation

common fibular part of sciatic nerve

<p>common fibular part of sciatic nerve</p>
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anterior leg compartment

tibialis anterior,

extensor hallucis longus,

extensor digitorum longus,

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

(Tina has 2 Erasers and 1 Folder)

<p>tibialis anterior,</p><p>extensor hallucis longus,</p><p>extensor digitorum longus,</p><p>fibularis (peroneus) tertius</p><p>(Tina has 2 Erasers and 1 Folder)</p>
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tibialis anterior: action

dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle

<p>dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle</p>
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tibialis anterior: innervation

deep fibular nerve

<p>deep fibular nerve</p>
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extensor hallucis longus: action

extend big toe

<p>extend big toe</p>
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extensor hallucis longus: innervation

deep fibular nerve

<p>deep fibular nerve</p>
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extensor digitorum longus: action

extends toes 2-5

<p>extends toes 2-5</p>
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extensor digitorum longus: innervation

deep fibular nerve

<p>deep fibular nerve</p>
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fibularis (peroneus) tertius: action

dorsiflexes and everts foot at ankle

<p>dorsiflexes and everts foot at ankle</p>
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fibularis (peroneus) tertius: innervation

deep fibular nerve

<p>deep fibular nerve</p>
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lateral leg compartment

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

<p>Fibularis (peroneus) longus</p><p>Fibularis (peroneus) brevis</p>
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fibularis (peroneus) longus: action

evert foot at ankle

<p>evert foot at ankle</p>
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fibularis (peroneus) longus: innervation

superficial fibular nerve

<p>superficial fibular nerve</p>
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fibularis (peroneus) brevis: action

evert foot at ankle

<p>evert foot at ankle</p>
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fibularis (peroneus) brevis: innervation

superficial fibular nerve

<p>superficial fibular nerve</p>
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superficial posterior leg compartment

Gastrocnemius

Plantaris (freshman nerve)

Soleus

GPS

<p>Gastrocnemius</p><p>Plantaris (freshman nerve)</p><p>Soleus</p><p>GPS</p>
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gastrocnemius: action

plantar flexes foot at ankle

<p>plantar flexes foot at ankle</p>
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gastrocnemius: innervation

tibial nerve

<p>tibial nerve</p>
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soleus: action

plantar flexes foot at ankle

<p>plantar flexes foot at ankle</p>
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soleus: innervation

tibial nerve

<p>tibial nerve</p>
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plantaris: action

plantar flex foot at ankle

<p>plantar flex foot at ankle</p>
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plantaris: innervation

tibial nerve

<p>tibial nerve</p>