micro final part 1
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38 Terms
Define what a gene is
a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes a functional product
what does Topoisomerase and gyrase do
relax the DNA strand during DNA replication
what does helicase do
separates the DNA strand during DNA replication
what does DNA polymerase do
synthesize DNA
what does Endonucleases do
Cut DNA backbone in a strand Of DNA; facilitate repair and insertions
what do exonucleases do
Cut DNA from an exposed end of DNA; facilitate repair
what does Methylase do
Adds methyl group to selected bases in newly made DNA
what does Photolyase do
Uses visible light energy to separate UV-induced pyrimidine dimers
what does Primase do
An RNA polymerase that makes RNA primers from a DNA template
what does Ribozyme do
RNA that removes introns and splices exons together
what does RNA polymerase do
copies RNA from a DNA template
what does snRNP do
RNA-protein complex that removes introns splices exons together
what does Transposase do
Cuts DNA backbone. leaving single-stranded "sticky ends"
How is DNA replication done?
first the strand is relaxed by topoisomerase or gyrase, then unwound by helicase and separated from each other, free nucleotides present in cell match up to the exposed bases, then joined with DNA polymerase, then primase start a short complementary strand RNA chain
Define DNA
a molecule that carries genetic instructions used for growth, development, function, and reproduction in all living organisms and many virsuses
what is DNA composed of
phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base
What is/are the products of transcription
a complementary mRNA strand
Which nucleotides appear ring-like and which appear circular
Which nucleotides bind to each other in DNA replication?
A-T and C-G
What is/are the directions of DNA replication?
What will the anticodon for codons corresponding to each amino acid be?
When amino acid sequences from a cell cycle control protein from a patient with cancer and a healthy person are aligned, the sequence from the cancer patient indicates one amino acid has changed from phenylalanine (Phe) to leucine (Leu)?
define DNA translation
mRNA is translated into proteins
define DNA transcription
synthesis of complementary mRNA strand from a DNA template
How does replication, translation and transcription. differ from each other
Which metabolic pathway(s) are NADH generated?
glycolysis and Krebs cycle
Which metabolic pathway(s) are NADPH generated?
pentose phosphate pathway
Which metabolic pathway(s) are NADH and FADH2 generated?
What is glycolysis?
What is the final product of glycolysis?
pyruvate
Which pathway does glycolysis enter into?
What substrate starts the TCA cycle?
state the transfer of electron transport chain system
What is lithothrophy and what are some examples?
what is a Chemoheterotrophs
what is a Photoheterotrophs
what is a Chemoautotrophs
what is a Photoautotrophs?