chapter 5 (2)

where do the majority of native americans live?

west of the mississippi river

what were the 5 native american foods that influenced the american diet?

corn, maple syrup, cranberries, squash and beans

where did native americans arrive 20-50 thousand years ago?

north america crossing the bering strait

who documented information about native american settlement and their behaviors?

white settlers

why did the population of native americans decline?

european diseases, conflicts and massacres of nations and white settlement westward

items introduced by europeans

horses, firearms, metal, knives and diseases

foods introduced by europeans

melons, peaches, oranges, garlic and sugar cane

indian removal act

all american indian tribes residing east of the mississippi were required to move west

what was the trail of tears?

trail native americans walked when they were forced off their land

what was the health implications that resulted from the trail of tears?

bureau of indian affairs

oversee federal indian reservations, attempted to establish a program of cultural assimilation but was unsuccessful which resulted in strengthening the religious beliefs of native americans

BIA employment program

promoted out-migration of native americans from reservations to major cities

the indian self determination act of 1975

promoted native american participation in government and education

what food groups are recommended for the native american food circle?

which food group is not present on the native american food circle?

worldview characteristics of native americans

connection to nature (native americans cared for and respected the earth), live in harmony, strive to maintain balance, valued generosity, discourages competitiveness, present oriented and no concept of land ownership

religion characteristics of native americans

major role in everyday life and many native american nations rejected attempts as christian conversion

family structure of native americans

primary goal unit of native americans is the extended family, children are highly valued, famly members demonstrate great respect for elders and many native american tribes are matrilineal

traditional health beliefs and practices: relationships to nature

health reflects a person's relationship to nature: the family, community and environment, every illness is due to an imbalance with supernatural, spiritual or social implications, holistic approaches are used for treatment and native americans may not be accepting of biomedical explanations

treatment for illnesses - identify examples

healers, herbs or feathers, sweat baths, using listen skills or stargazing and painters, singers and chanters may be used to diagnose and treat illness

examples of native american staple foods

corn, beans and squash

purpose of adobe ovens

used for the preparation of cornmeal bread

describe characteristics of the following southwestern US native american foods: green chili stew

stew with roasted green chilis, potatoes and tender chunks of pork

describe characteristics of the following southwestern US native american foods: fry bread

flat dough bread fried in oil with shortening or lard

describe characteristics of the following southwestern US native american foods: feast day cookies

nut cookies flavored with anise seed and cinnamon

describe characteristics of the following northwestern native american foods: elk stew with acorn dumplings

elk, water, onions, bay leaves, salt, potatoes, carrots

describe characteristics of the following northwestern native american foods: fiddlehead ferns

tightly coiled tips of ferns that are cooked and eaten

describe characteristics of the following great plains native american foods: pemmican

dried meant pounded into a powder, melted with fat and berries and is a way of preserving meat without refrigeration

describe characteristics of the following great plains native american foods: Jerusalem artichokes

similar to chesnuts when raw

describe characteristics of the following great plains native american foods: wojapi pudding

this berry dish

describe characteristics of the following southeastern native american foods: cherokee pepper pot soup

animal protein, onions, tomatoes, peppers, celery, corn, carrots

describe characteristics of the following southeastern native american foods: brunswick soup

tomato base with beans, vegetables and meat

describe characteristics of the following southeastern native american foods: corn pone

corn break made without milk or eggs and baked or fried

describe characteristics of the following southeastern native american foods: huckleberry honey cake

cake with berries, sugar, honey, eggs and milk

describe characteristics of the following southeastern native american foods: grape dumplings

soft strips of dough poaches in an entire pot of grape juice

describe characteristics of the following northeastern native american foods: three sisters soup

corn, bean and squash

describe characteristics of the following northeastern native american foods: bannocks

unleavened flat bread made with oatmeal or barley meal

describe characteristics of the following northeastern native american foods: indian pudding

cornmeal, maple syrup, cinnamon, molasses

role of food in native american culture and etiquitte: why is food valued?

food is valued as sacred because many inland native american nations experienced food shortages

role of food in native american culture and etiquitte: gender differences in obtaining food

men hunted and cared for livestock and women gathered, prepared and stored food

role of food in native american culture and etiquitte: sharing of food

sharing is important

theraputic uses of food: importance of corn

used in healing ceremonies

theraputic uses of food: plant sources used as medicine

used for medicine, specifically pumpkin, strawberries and agave leaves

describe the rate of type 2 diabetes experienced by native americans

native americans have more diabetes than any other race or ethnicity

describe trends related to kidney disease or failure related to diabetes

kidney failure from diabetes in native americans has dropped more than any other race or ethnicity

supporting interventions that are related to kidney disease

diabetes clinical teams, patient registries, nutrition services for adults, access to registered dietitians, access to physical activity specialists, access to culturally tailored diabetes education materials for native americans

strategies for addressing diabetes

talking circles (integrating history to promote good health) and food sovereignty (ability of communities to determine the quantity and quality of the food they consume and how their food is produced and distributed)