Biomi Prelim 1 Quizzes Lec 5-9

What is an enzyme?

A type of carbohydrate

 

A protein that can catalyze reactions

 

It is part of DNA

 

Fatty acids that have formed into a micelle

A protein that can catalyze reactions

What is a microbiome?

 

eukaryotic cells found in a habitat

 

community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together in any given habitat.

 

the collection of viruses in a habitat

 

pathogenic organisms only

community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together in any given habitat.

Select the statement(s) that are true about anabolism and catabolism? Pick all that apply

Chemical bonds are made during anabolism which usually requires energy

 

Only bacteria can perform anabolism

 

Chemical bonds are broken during catabolism usually releasing energy

 

Only eukaryotes can perform catabolism

Chemical bonds are made during anabolism which usually requires energy

 

 

Chemical bonds are broken during catabolism usually releasing energy

 

What is a virulence factor?

Substances and structures produced by pathogens to help them colonize a host

 

Logical steps used to determine if a microbe causes a disease

 

Essential proteins such as ribosomes

 

Host defense molecules used to prevent infection

Substances and structures produced by pathogens to help them colonize a host

What are Koch's postulates?

Steps in the viral life cycle

 

Steps for avoiding bad breath!

 

A pustule that can form under the eye

 

Criteria used to determine pathogenicity of bacteria

Criteria used to determine pathogenicity of bacteria

What best describes Streptococcus pyogenes?

Gram positive, aerotolerant anaerobe

 

Gram negative, aerobic

 

Gram positive, aerobic

 

Gram negative, anaerobic

Gram positive, aerotolerant anaerobe

What makes Streptococcus pyogenes so infectious?

it expresses virulence factors such as exotoxins, adhesins and secreted enzymes

 

it is exclusively found in the mouth

 

it is not at all infectious!

 

it harbors ribosomal RNA which makes it infectious

it expresses virulence factors such as exotoxins, adhesins and secreted enzymes

What are PAMPS?

 

receptors for different pathogens

 

molecules from pathogens recognized by the immune system

 

a type of cytokine

 

types of molecules that are associated with the host organism (ie us)

molecules from pathogens recognized by the immune system

What is an antibody?

a type of protein found in our adaptive immune response

 

a protein that is part of our innate immune response

 

a type of macrophage

 

complement

a type of protein found in our adaptive immune response

How do pathogens evade the immune system?

some bacteria are enclosed in a capsule which hides them from the immune system

 

All answers are correct

 

invade and replicate in immune cells such as phagocytes

 

interfere with host signaling

All answers are correct

What is the difference between red slime and black mold?

red mold is derived from bacteria, black from fungi

 

red is from archaea, black from fungi

 

No answer is correct

 

red is derived from fungi, black from bacteria

red mold is derived from bacteria, black from fungi

Which of the following are examples of where biofilms may form?

unbrushed teeth

 

medical devices, like urinary catheters

 

All answers are correct

 

water pipes

All answers are correct

Which of the following is false about biofilms?

they make an extra polymeric substance (EPS)

 

they allow for cell to cell communication between bacteria

 

they are made up of only one species of bacteria

 

bacteria within biofilms also have a free-swimming planktonic form

they are made up of only one species of bacteria

What is quorum sensing?

a lineup of bacteria

 

minimum density of individuals needed to control gene expression of the group

 

maximum density of individuals needed to control gene expression of the group

 

only refers to bacteria which glow in the dark

minimum density of individuals needed to control gene expression of the group

Why would you think that antibiotics may be less effective on bacteria who live in a biofilm?

some bacteria may be dormant within the biofilm

 

some swap antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbours

 

All answers are correct

 

difficult for antibiotic to access all bacteria in a biofilm

All answers are correct

What is a fecal transplant?

installation of bacteria from the fecal matter of a healthy individual to one that is ill

 

All of the above

 

The process of converting manure into fertilizer

 

Drinking water contaminated with fecal matter

installation of bacteria from the fecal matter of a healthy individual to one that is ill

Which of the following is TRUE about the role of the healthy microbiome in preventing C difficile super infections

Members of the healthy microbiome degrade the C difficile toxin that makes people sick.

 

Some microbiome bacteria produce primary bile acids that kill C difficile

 

Secondary bile acids produced by beneficial members of the microbiome prevent C difficile spores from germinating

 

C difficile sometimes releases bacteriophage that kill key members of the healthy microbiome

Secondary bile acids produced by beneficial members of the microbiome prevent C difficile spores from germinating

What interventions enabled us to bring down waterborne diseases to a minimum in the last 100 years (multiple correct answers)?

 

chlorination

 

All answers are correct

 

filtration

 

antibiotics added to our drinking water

chlorination

filtration

Which of the following apply to coliform bacteria?

Gram negative

 

a facultative anaerobe

 

All answers are correct

 

found in the gut of warm -blooded mammals

All answers are correct

Which of the following is FALSE about E. coli?

it is only one of many different types of coliform bacteria

 

has a genome that is larger than the human genome

 

some strains cause food poisoning and UTIs

 

is a model organism and tool in molecular biology

has a genome that is larger than the human genome