Unit 3 HWs

Macrophages arise from which of the following? 

monocytes

Mast cells and basophils release which chemical moderator?

histamine

Which cells do not express MHCs?

erythrocytes

Which of the following leukocytes exhibit the highest phagocytosis activity against bacteria? 

Neutrophils

Urine and tears serve as a ____ barrier

physical

Which cells produce and secrete mucus?

goblet cells

Which part of the brain controls body temperature, as well as fever.

hypothalamus

The classical pathway of complement activation is initiated by:

antigen-antibody interaction

Which of the following is NOT an example of innate chemical defenses? 

reverse transcriptase

One reason that the skin is inhospitable to microbes is that:

The normal microbiota outcompetes other microbes and inhibits their growth.

What is sebum?

an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense

Which MHC class is mostly likely found on macrophages?

class II

A patient comes in for surgery for a heart complication. During recovery, the patient develops and infection and signs and symptoms consistent with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

 

This infection is best characterized as a(n):

nosocomial infection

Which of the following best describes symptoms in a patient?

subjective changes such as pain or loss of appetite, personally experienced by the patient

A patient develops severe symptoms after infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7. The toxin responsible is released from the bacterial cell wall when the bacteria die and is associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

This toxin is best described as a(n):

endotoxin

A patient develops lung cancer related to long-term smoking. The condition does not involve an infectious agent and cannot be spread from person to person.
This disease is best described as a:

noncommunicable disease

Malaria is transferred through insect bites. 

This makes it an example of (horizontal/vertical)

horizontal

Malaria is transferred through insect bites. 

This makes it an example of (indirect/direct)

direct

A nurse who works in the ________________ would most likely know the STORCH acronym by heart. 

NICU

For diseases such as measles and gonorrhea, the infectious agents are maintained only in human populations and are transmitted directly from person to person.

reservoir

Which term refers to the study of the geographic distribution of disease and its transmission?

epidemiology

Malarial disease in Brazil is an example of which type of disease?

endemic

A pandemic is an outbreak of disease occuring: 

worldwide

John Snow developed a detailed map (the “ghost map”) to investigate the etiology of which disease?

cholera

COVID-19, caused by coronavirus strains, first occurred in Asia, before spreading to Italy and then the United States, becoming a(n) ___________ disease.

pandemic

Morbidity refers to _____________; while mortality refers to______________. 

state of being diseased, death from disease

Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, can pass through the blood-placenta barrier to infect a fetus.

This type of transmission to the fetus is known as which of the following?

vertical direct contact

Examine the graph and determine the approximate ID₅₀ of the virus.

13,000 particles

Your lab researches new drugs, 

Purpose: You wish to determine if a new drug can cure individuals with colds caused by rhinoviruses.

Method: You invite 50 individuals to participate in the study. Using a double-blind approach, 25 individuals get a sugar pill and 25 get the test drug.

Question: Based on this description, which type of study was conducted?

experimental

You are hired as an epidemiologist for the following study:

Purpose: You wish to determine if potato salad, served at a local farmer’s market a month ago, caused an outbreak of a food-borne illness.

Method: You specifically interview individuals who had eaten potato salad and developed the illness, as well as individuals who ate the potato salad and did not develop illness.

Question: Based on this description, which type of study was conducted?

case-control