Endocrine Glands and Hormones: Key Functions and Memory Tricks

Which endocrine gland is known as the "master gland" because it controls many other endocrine glands?

A. Thyroid gland

B. Pituitary gland

C. Pineal gland

D. Pancreas

B. Pituitary gland

Memory Trick

"PIT Boss"

PITuitary = Boss of endocrine glands

Think: The pituitary is the manager telling other glands what to do.

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

A. Glucagon

B. Insulin

C. Cortisol

D. Adrenaline

B. Insulin

Memory Trick

INsulin puts sugar IN cells

Insulin = lowers blood sugar

Glucagon = raises blood sugar

TEAS Favorite Pair ⬇️ Insulin = glucose down ⬆️ Glucagon = glucose up

Which gland produces melatonin?

A. Thyroid gland

B. Pineal gland

C. Adrenal gland

D. Pituitary gland

B. Pineal gland

Memory Trick

PINE = Pillow

Pineal → Melatonin → Sleep

Think: 🌲 Pine tree + pillow = sleep hormone

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and increases metabolism?

A. Thyroxine (T4)

B. Insulin

C. ADH D

. Testosterone

A. Thyroxine (T4)

Memory Trick

T4 = Turbo 4 metabolism

Thyroxine speeds body functions

Controls metabolism and energy use

Which endocrine gland sits on top of each kidney?

A. Pituitary gland

B. Pancreas

C. Adrenal gland

D. Pineal gland

C. Adrenal gland

Memory Trick

ADrenal = Above kidney

Adrenal glands are like little hats sitting on the kidneys.

A patient experiences a sudden "fight-or-flight" response. Which hormone is responsible?

A. Oxytocin

B. Adrenaline

C. Melatonin

D. Thyroxine

B. Adrenaline

Memory Trick

A = Action

Adrenaline prepares the body for emergency action.

Signs:

Increased heart rate

Increased breathing

Increased blood sugar

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A. ADH

B. GH

C. ACTH

D. PTH

A. ADH

Memory Trick

ADH = Adds Da H₂O

ADH tells kidneys: "Save water, don't lose it."

Which gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A. Thyroid gland

B. Parathyroid glands

C. Pituitary gland

D. Pancreas

B. Parathyroid glands

Memory Trick

PTH Pulls calcium into blood

PTH = Raises blood calcium

Which gland secretes insulin and glucagon?

A. Thyroid gland

B. Pancreas

C. Adrenal gland

D. Pineal gland

B. Pancreas

Memory Trick

PANcreas = PANel controlling sugar

Insulin ↓ glucose Glucagon ↑ glucose

Which endocrine gland regulates the sleep-wake cycle?

A. Pineal gland

B. Pituitary gland

C. Thyroid gland

D. Pancreas

A. Pineal gland

Memory Trick

Pineal = Night Light

Releases melatonin

Controls sleep cycle

Which hormone stimulates growth of bones and muscles?

A. ACTH

B. Growth Hormone (GH)

C. ADH

D. Oxytocin

B. Growth Hormone (GH)

Memory Trick

GH = Get Huge

Growth hormone helps:

Bones grow

Muscles grow

Tissue repair

Which endocrine gland produces estrogen and progesterone?

A. Testes

B. Ovaries

C. Adrenal glands

D. Pancreas

B. Ovaries

Memory Trick

Ovaries = O for Ovulation hormones

Estrogen = female characteristics Progesterone = pregnancy support

Which hormone causes uterine contractions during labor?

A. Oxytocin

B. ADH

C. GH

D. Cortisol

A. Oxytocin

Memory Trick

OXY = Hugs & Babies

Functions:

Labor contractions

Milk ejection

Bonding

Which gland secretes testosterone?

A. Ovaries

B. Pituitary gland

C. Testes

D. Thyroid gland

C. Testes

Memory Trick

TESTes → TESTosterone

Which endocrine gland is located below the hypothalamus?

A. Pineal gland

B. Pituitary gland

C. Pancreas

D. Thyroid gland

B. Pituitary gland

Memory Trick

H → P

Hypothalamus sits above the Pituitary

Think: 🧠 Brain ⬇️ Hypothalamus ⬇️ Pituitary

"Sleep, Speed, Sugar, Stress, Calcium"

Sleep → Pineal → Melatonin

Speed metabolism → Thyroid → T4

Sugar → Pancreas → Insulin & Glucagon

Stress → Adrenal → Adrenaline

Calcium → PTH ↑ and Calcitonin ↓