#047 Trade, Exploration and Colonisation

Principal Navigations by Hakluyt; trade

Motivations for colonisation…

focus on Spanish invasion, not until James I’s reign

Why did colonisation fail?

Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh

unsuccessfully attempted to set up colonies in the North West, famously patenting the name “Virginia”

slave trade

England attempted to break the Spanish and Portuguese monopolies in the Caribean, including the ______ _____

1562 and 1567 by John Hawkins to Africa, 1572-3 Drake’s expedition captures Spanish silver at Nombre de Dios and in 1577-80 turns profit of 4000% after capture of cargo of Cacafeugo

Voyages of the slave trade…

1591 Lancaster’s voyage and mutiny, 1600 East Indian Company formed

Trade with India…

1550s, global colonial, new, division, humble, trading, fishing, accelerated, foundation

A new contender on a global stage…

By the mid ____, the Portuguese and especially the Spanish were already established as _____ ______ powers. Their exploration of the ___ world had resulted in the _____ of South America and even the collapse of civilisations such as the Aztecs (thanks to Cortez!). 

The English exploits were far more _____, amounting to little more than some temporary _____ posts and ______ outposts. 

It was during the reign of Elizabeth that their efforts _______, and laid the ________ for what would become the most expansive Empire the world had ever seen centuries later.

better naval reputation after conflict with Spain; find route to far east

Why did the English start to look outwards?

North East Passage

• some believed that it was possible to each east Asia by sailing North West, past Scandinavia

• Venture set up to trade with Russia, AKA Muscovy Company

break up Haseatic league in the Baltics

What did the Muscovy Company help do?

North West Passage

• Believed Far East could be reached via North West, towards and over the New World

• 1577-80 attempt by Drake and by John Davies in 1585-7