MICRO EXAM 3

The distinguishing characteristics used to classify the algae into four kingdoms is

their storage products.

Fomites are

inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens.

Which of the following infectious particles do not have protein in their structure?

viroids

Algae that are important sources of thickening agents like agar are known as

Rhodophyta

The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA?

+ssRNA viruses

Bacteria of the Proteobacteria that are intracellular parasites are members of the

alphaproteobacteria and gammaproteobacteria

A new influenza strain appears and is spreading rapidly. What measures might be taken by public health agencies to stop the spread?

Educate the public, promote vaccination, and treat those who are infected.

A person is exposed to fungus and develops an infection. No one taking care of him/her becomes ill, suggesting the infection is a ___ disease.

non-communicable

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda-phage prophage?

the HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cell's DNA.

A toxin common to most Gram-negative bacteria is

lipid A

Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in association with plant roots are

alphaproteobacteria

In a cell that has a diploid number of 8 chromosomes, how many chromatids will be present at the beginning of mitosis?

16

Over 470,000 cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the 2010 earthquake. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission?

contaminated water

Commensalism is best described as a(n)

relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits

A Gram-positive psychrotrophic rod_____ is a frequent contaminant of dairy products and meat and survives phagocytosis.

Listeria monocytogenes

Aerobic cyanobacteria carry out the reactions of nitrogen fixation in

heterocysts

The condition called parasitism is characterized as a(n)

relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other.

Which of the following statements regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is FALSE?

The suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases.

The taxonomy of viruses includes all the following hierarchies EXCEPT

class

Which of the following is associated with the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell?

random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity

The plant pathogen _____is a member of the alphaproteobacteria that alters plant cells by

Agrobacterium

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

cockroach transmission of Shigella

What is a virion?

a single virus particle outside a cell

A plasmid found in can be used by scientists to genetically modify plants

Agrobacterium

Gram-negative bacteria in the genus ___ prey on other Gram-negative bacteria.

Bdellovibrio

Euglenids have an organelle known as a(n) ____ which has a role in their phototactic behavior.

eyespot

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of a disease process?

incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

Lichens are composed of a symbiosis of fungi and which of the following?

cyanobacteria or green algae

Which of the following may result from lysogenic infection?

The bacterium becomes resistant to infection and becomes pathogenic.

Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is TRUE?

Some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family.

The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus?

both protection and recognition

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the viral envelope?

It is composed of cellular phospholipid membrane, cellular and viral proteins.

Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as

microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life.

The dikaryons of Zygomycoa are known as

zygosporangia

Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is the most severe?

the illness period

Mutualism is a relationship

that provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one cannot live without the other.

Microbes known as transient microbiota are

organisms that remain in the body for a short time.

Members of the actinomycetes reproduce asexually by

producing spores.

The Apicomplexa are named for their complexes of specialized organelles which allow them to

penetrate host cells.

The process known as is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses.

budding

Contamination with ___ is a concern because they are highly resistant to killing.

endospores

Which of the following diseases may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures?

cholera

Which of the following is a protozoan with two nuclei and no mitochondria?

Giardia

Naked capsid animal viruses are commonly released from the infected cell by ___ , a process the host cell does not survive.

lysis

Protozoa of the genus ___ cause a sexually transmitted disease in humans.

Trichomonas

Which of the following groups of bacteria is named for its resemblance to fungi?

Actinomyces

A species of the genus Streptococcus is the leading cause of

"flesh-eating" bacterial infections.

Replication of the DNA occurs during

interphase

Which of the following bacteria oxidize nitrite (NO2-) to produce nitrate (NO3-)?

Nitrobacter

A ____ is a mass of neoplastic cells.

tumor

The ___ are the largest known group of archaea.

methanogens

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?

fungi; usually diploid

Multiple mitoses followed by a single cytokinetic event is known as

schizogony

A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost?

the ability to adhere to cells of the body

Spores known as akinetes are reproductive structures of

members of the cyanobacteria.

An acute viral disease is the likely result of ___ infection.

a lytic

Some fungi and higher plants form a beneficial association known as

mycorrhizae

Simple eukaryotes that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis and reproduce by means of alternation of generations are known as

algae

A syringe is used for multiple patients, one of whom has hepatitis B. The syringe is not properly sterilized, resulting in possible ____ transmission.

indirect contact

The fusion of two gametes produces a

zygote

Symptoms are

subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel

Which of the following events may occur in a lysogenic infection but NOT a proviral infection?

induction

Viroids infect

plants

Which of the following infectious particles is most susceptible to damage?

enveloped virus

Koch's postulates were used to demonstrate the relationship between

Haemophilus influenzae and meningitis.

An aligned pair of homologous chromosomes is called a

tetrad

Viruses that infect have no known extracellular state.

fungi

Pseudomonas species are occasional causes of

urinary tract infections.

The anaerobic Clostridium species are troublesome pathogens largely because of their capacity for

endospore production.

Hyphae are associated with which of the following?

molds

Which of the following statements regarding meiosis is most accurate?

A diploid cell produces haploid daughter cells.

Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process called

metastasis

A(n) ____ is a bacterial virus which is integrated into the host cell DNA.

prophage

The ___ have shells composed of calcium carbonate and thin pseudopods.

Foraminifera

Which of the following bacterial arrangements is the result of snapping division?

palisades

Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following?

retroviruses

Which of the following characteristics distinguish the archaea from the bacteria?

cell wall composition, cytoplasmic membrane lipids, and rRNA sequences

Which of the following bacterial genera is useful for the degradation of environmental pollutants?

Nocardia

Members of the genus Chlamydia are

intracellular parasites.

A patient developed a blood infection after a dental procedure which resulted in bleeding gums. The patient has

a healthcare-associated infection (HAI).

The archaea known as halophiles

are members of the Euryarchaeota and require salt concentrations above 9%.

Which of the following bacterial genera produce(s) endospores

both Bacillus and Clostridium

Fungal spores produced asexually within a sac-like chamber at the tip of a hypha are called

sporangiospores

Which of the following lists stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages?

I.          Synthesis

 

II.       Assembly

 

III.   Attachment

 

IV.     Release

 

V.        Entry

III, V, I, II, IV

Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?

microbes crossing the placenta to the fetus

Which of the following is a fungus and is considered part of the normal human microbiome?

Candida

Attachment of herpesviruses results in , a process in which the host cell facilitates viral entry

endocytosis

The classification of prokaryotes in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is largely based on

rRNA sequences.

The chromatids move toward opposite poles during ___ of mitosis.

anaphase

Which of the following is present during meiosis but not mitosis?

a tetrad

Previously classified as fungi, _____ are classified as algae because they are true diploids with cellulose walls.

water molds

Unusual cellular extensions called prosthecae are associated with which of the following groups of proteobacteria?

alphaproteobacteria

Plaque assays are used for

determining the density of phage in a culture.

Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of

disease severity and duration, organ system affected or type of microbe.

Which process is represented by Figure 12.1?

meiosis

The ___ is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism.

mycelium

A stool sample is obtained from a patient with diarrhea and fever. A Gram-negative bacillus that is an obligate anaerobe is isolated from the sample. Which of the following genera might it be a member of?

Bacteroides

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in the nasal cavity of healthy people. If inhaled into the lungs, however, it may cause pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus is best described as

both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen.

A pathogen is best described as

any microorganism that causes disease.

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage?

the genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lytic phage.