Chapter 2 - Living things and cells

Cells

The basic building blocks of ll living things

Nutrition

The wya in which living things get their food

Excretion

The way in which living things get rid of the wastes they produce

Response

The way in which living things react to their surroundings

Reproduce

The way in which living things produce new living things

Bacteria

Tiny, microscopic living things. Some cause disease, some cause decay, and some are used to produce valubale substances

Fungi

Mushrooms, moulds and yeast

Plants

Tress, grass and flowers

Animals

Humns, fish, insects

Protists

Seaweeds, amoeba

Biodiversity

The range of living things

Zygote

Single cell

Cell membrane

Thin layer hat surrounds the cell

Its fnction is to hold the cell contents in place and control what passes in and out of the cell e.g oxygen

Nucleus

The control centre of the cell, by means of strands called chromosomes

Cytoplasm

Watery liquid found between the nucleus and the cell membrane

Its function is to support tiny cell structures and to carry out some chemical reactions

Mitonchondrion

Supply energy to the cell

Cell wall

Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Its function is to give strength to the plant cell, as they do not have strong skeletons.

Made from cellulose

Vacuole

Gives strength to the cell

Chloroplasts

Makes food by photosynthesis

Purpose of adding coverslips

Prevents sample drying out

Eyepice lens

Lens nearest to eye

Coarse focus knob

Used to see the image clearly at low magnification

Fine focus knob

Used for delicate focusing at high power

Total magnification

Power of eyepiece x power of objective lens

Nosepiece

Can rotate to move different objective lenses into position

Stage

Used to support the microscope slide. Has a hole in the center so light can pass through

Clips

Used to hold microscope slide in place

Mirror

Used to reflect light from a lamp up through the object

Stain for plant cells

Iodine solution

Stain for animal cells

Methylene blue stain