Anatomy final extra (5, 27, 14, 16, 24, 25)

1) The integument consists of which of the following?

a) skin and subcutaneous layer

2) The greatest amount of keratin is found where?

c) stratum corneum

3) Together, the skin, hair, nails, glands, and associated muscles and nerves are an example of

a(n)

c) system

4) Calluses form in areas that

c) are subject to friction

6) Cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis divide to produce all other epidermal cells. From

deepest to most superficial, the cells pass through the layers in what order?

1. stratum spinosum

2. stratum basale

3. stratum corneum

4. stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)

5. stratum granulosum

d) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3

7) As keratinocytes move to the surfaceb) Alternating growth phases and resting phases throughout the life of the hair.

c) they eventually die and are sloughed off

8) Tattoos are created by injecting ink with a needle into the

b) dermis

9) The ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the presence of

c) elastic fibers in the dermis

10) Which of the following statements about skin color is false?

c) Melanin is produced in the organelles of epithelial cells and then migrates to the hypodermis.

12) All of the following develop from the embryonic epidermis EXCEPT

b) lamellated corpuscles

13) The narrow strip of epidermis found on the surface of the proximal border of a nail is called

a) eponychium (cuticle)

14) Which of the following is characteristic of the growth of a scalp hair?

d) A growth phase followed by a resting phase, which lasts until the hair is shed and replaced by

a new hair.

15) Melanocytes synthesize melanin from which amino acid?

b) tyrosine

16) Which of the following statements is true?

c) Basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes.

17) Orientation of which dermal fibers is responsible for “lines of cleavage” (tension lines) seen in the skin?

b) collagen

18) Which of the following contributes to the increased incidence of heat stroke in the elderly?

b) decreased sudoriferous gland activity

19) What word does the letter “B” stand for in the American Cancer Society’s ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma?

c) border is irregular

20) Contraction of the _____ cause(s) “goose bumps.”

c) arrector pili muscle

21) Thick skin, containing all five layers of the epidermis, is found in areas of all of the

following EXCEPT

d) upper back

22) Which of the following gives rise to the epidermis?

b) ectoderm

23) What is the correct order for the development of the dermis?

a) mesoderm; mesenchyme; fibroblasts

24) Which of the following terms best describes a bluish skin color most likely resulting from an

inadequate amount of oxygen circulating in the blood?

b) cyanosis

25) Following a burn, charring and insensitivity to pain was found over the entire surface of the

right lower limb, entire surface of right trunk and anterior surface of the right upper limb.

Approximately what percent of the body surface had burns and how would you classify the

burn?

d) 40%, third degree

26) Which of the following is correct regarding the papillae of hair?

b) The papillae of hair arise from mesoderm in which blood vessels develop.

27) The principal layers of skin are

a) the epidermis and dermis

28) Differences in skin color are mainly due to

b) the amount of pigment that melanocytes produce

29) The cutaneous plexus is

b) located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and supplies sweat glands and

adipose tissue with blood

31) Albinism is caused by

c) the inability to synthesize tyrosinase

32) Cells in the three most superficial layers of the epidermis

d) are avascular and composed of many dead keratinocytes

33) Blood is supplied to the capillary loops in the dermal papillae by

d) the papillary arterial plexus

34) The deepest layer of the skin is called

c) the reticular dermis

35) Which type of cell is an immune cell residing in the epidermis?

a) dendritic cell

36) The area of the skin that has 5 layers is called

c) thick skin

37) Acne is an inflammation of

c) sebaceous glands

38) Fingernails consist of

b) dead, keratinized epidermal cells

39) The lunula of a nail appears whiter than the rest of the nail due to

b) the thick structure of the stratum basale

40) Thin skin has

a) fewer epidermal ridges than thick skin

41) Inadequate exposure to sunlight, such as might occur in a prison population, may result in a

deficiency of which vitamin?

D

42) Vernix caseosa

c) is secreted by sebaceous glands to protect the fetus from amniotic fluid

43) A teen went swimming and forgot to apply sunscreen. After the day at the pool, he

experienced redness and blistering of the skin, but sweat glands were not injured and no function

was loss. The teen experienced

b) a second-degree burn

44) Most of the age-related changes associated with the integumentary system occur

b) in proteins in the dermis

46) Which of the following contains dense irregular connective tissue as well as numerous blood

vessels?

b) reticular dermis

48) A patient has sustained damage to the skin that requires a skin graft for healing. Which part

of the skin was likely damaged?

a) stratum basale

49) A patient notices an odd mole on their forearm and makes an appointment with the dermatologist. The dermatologist notices that the mole is colored unevenly. In addition, the mole appears to be asymmetrical, with a scalloped border. The dermatologist believes that this originated from the patient’s melanocytes. After proper testing to verify, which would be the most likely diagnosis?

c) this is likely malignant melanoma

51) The layer of the epidermis containing the most layers of cells is the stratum

b) corneum

52) Surface patterns that develop on the skin of the hands and feet are due to the presence of

a) dermal papillae and are called epidermal ridges

53) Lipids that are responsible for reducing the passage of water through the skin are released by

a) keratohyalin of keratinocytes

54) Keratohyalin granules are characteristic of the

d) stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis

55) A student is performing a lab regarding the integumentary system in class. During the lab,

she is asked to feel a variety of materials, including some that are rough, smooth, bumpy, etc.

Which of the following helps her to detect these touch sensations?

d) tactile corpuscles

56) The portion of the hair that projects from the surface of the skin is the

d) hair shaft

57) The concentric layers of a hair from external to internal are

a) cuticle, cortex, medulla

58) Thin skin lacks which layer of the epidermis?

c) the stratum lucidum

59) Which of the following gives rise to sebaceous glands during fetal development?

c) epidermal cells as outgrowths of hair follicles

60) In the fifth or sixth month of fetal development, hair follicles produce delicate fetal hair

called

a) lanugo, which is mostly shed prior to birth

61) A mild sunburn is an example of

a) a first-degree burn and involves only the epidermal layer of the skin

62) A buildup of the yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin, which gives a yellowish appearance to

the skin and the whites of the eyes, and usually indicates liver disease is

d) jaundice

64) Name the structure indicated by A.

c) sebaceous gland

66) Identify the specific structure indicated by B.

a) arrector pili muscle

67) Name the specialized receptor indicated by D.

67) Name the specialized receptor indicated by D.

68) Identify the specific layer in which cells begin dying.

F

69) Identify the type of cell that has an immune function.

C

70) Identify the cell type that produces melanin.

B

71) Identify the layer sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum because of its role in

forming new cells.

D

72) Identify the deepest layer of the skin.

G

73) C is pointing to what structure?

c) external root sheath

74) A is pointing to what structure?

c) internal root sheath

75) B is pointing to what structure?

b) cuticle of the hair

76) A student is preparing to give a speech in class when he experiences a cold sweat on his

forehead. This is

b) emotional sweating as a result of the eccrine sweat glands

77) Which of the following produces a waxy substance in the ears?

b) ceruminous glands

1) Which of the following statements is TRUE for the autonomic division of the peripheral

nervous system?

d) The output part of the autonomic division consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic

parts.

2) Which of the following statements about the autonomic division is FALSE?

c) The motor (output) portion of the autonomic division has three subsets: parasympathetic,

sympathetic, and somatic.

3) Somatic motor neurons synapse with which of the following?

d) directly with skeletal muscle cells

4) The motor neurons of a sympathetic autonomic motor pathway have the following route:

1.gray ramus

2.anterior root of spinal nerve

3.axon collaterals

4.white ramus

5.nerve to a visceral effector

6.sympathetic trunk ganglion

a) 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1

5) White rami are associated only with thoracic spinal nerves and the first two or three lumbar

spinal nerves. Gray rami are associated with all 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

a) Both statements are true.

6) Which of the following is NOT part of the sympathetic part of the autonomic division?

d) submandibular ganglion

7) Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic terminal ganglion?

c) celiac

8) Autonomic plexuses in the thorax, abdomen and pelvis may contain all of the following

EXCEPT

d) somatic motor neurons.

9) Which of the following responses is a result of sympathetic stimulation?

d) increased rate and depth of breathing

10) Autonomic neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

c) include all preganglionic neurons.

11) Acetylcholine in the autonomic division

c) has effects for a very brief time, compared to the effects of other autonomic neurotransmitters.

12) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with which of the following types of receptors?

1. alpha

2. beta

3. nicotinic

4. muscarinic

c) 3, 4 only

13) Activation of nicotinic receptors by acetylcholine (ACh) triggers which response in a

postsynaptic cell?

a) always excitatory

14) Alpha and beta receptors are found in the sympathetic part of the autonomic division. They

exist on postganglionic neurons and on visceral effectors.

c) The first statement is true; the second is false.

15) Which of the following is/are innervated ONLY by the sympathetic part?

1. arrector pili muscles

2. kidney arterioles

3. sweat glands

4. spleen

5. suprarenal medulla

a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

16) Arrange the following components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper order:

1. preganglionic motor neuron

2. receptor

3. integrating center (interneurons)

4. postganglionic motor neuron

5. visceral effector

6. autonomic ganglion

7. sensory neuron

d) 2, 7, 3, 1, 6, 4, 5

17) Bronchoconstriction brought on by various allergens is a

b) parasympathetic response

18) Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels is a(n)

c) adrenergic response

19) Spinal nerve C4 receives postganglionic sympathetic axons (fibers) from

b) gray rami communicantes

20) Select the best description of the middle cervical ganglion

b) sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart

21) Select the best description of a white ramus.

a) contains sympathetic preganglionic axons

22) Select the best description of the autonomic nuclei in the brain stem.

e) contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

23) Select the best description of the celiac ganglion.

c) receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves

24) Select the best description of the thoracic and lumbar lateral gray horns.

d) contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

25) Select the best description of the axons that leave the brain as part of the vagus (X) nerves.

a) carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs derived from the

embryonic gut tube.

26) Select the best description of the otic ganglia.

b) send impulses via parasympathetic postganglionic axons to the parotid salivary glands

27) Select the best description of the ciliary ganglia.

d) innervate the smooth muscle of the eyeball via parasympathetic axons

28) Select the best description of the pterygopalatine ganglia.

e) send postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the lacrimal glands

c) receive sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves

d) Cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal

(IX), and vagus (X) nerves.

30) Select the best description of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

a) Cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and first two or three lumbar spinal

segments.