american history final

Sputnik

1st Soviet satellite

Significance of space race in the Cold War i

I screamed funding for education, led lights, freeze dried and cancer radiation

National defense education act

Passes to give $1 billion produce more scientist and teachers in science, it gave money for loans to help Highschool and college graduates continue their science career

Bay of pigs invasion

U.S. was going to invade Cuba, it didn’t work bc jfk ignored the fact that Cuba knew the plan

Causes of Cuban missile crisis

USSR smuggled 36 nuclear weapons into Cuba

How the Cuban miss,e crisis was resolved

The public was told it the U.S. wont invade Cuba in the private. The US will removed missiles in turkey

Warren commission findings

Lee Harvey Oswald was the only person who killed jfk from the 6th floor of the Texas school book depository building

Lee Harvey Oswald

Shot and killed jfk

Jack ruby

Shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald

CIA

They gathered intelligence about other countries overthrow communism during the Cold War

Operation Ajax

A British company, controlled Irans oil fields and took most the profits

Blowback

Unintended result of a covert operation or political action

How us goal in Vietnam war differed from north Vietnam’s goal

North Vietnam wanted to gain independence from foreign rule and the U.S. wanted to stop communism

NGO Dinh diem

Led south Vietnam and the army of the republic of Vietnam with U.S. support but was assainsted in 1963

Ho Chi Minh

Leader of communist North Vietnam in the north Vietnamese army until his death in 1969

Vietcong

Communist group within South Vietnam, that used forces to oppose the US and South Vietnam government in order to make South Vietnam a communist nation

Ho Chi Minh’s strategy to defeat U.S.: elephant v. Tiger

The US is the elephant North Vietnam is the tiger

Gulf of Tonkin incident

North Vietnam strike one of our boats in the Tonkin golf

Operation rolling thunder

Sustained bombing campaign directed to North Vietnam

Conscription

Compulsory enlistment of individuals into the military, also known as the draft

Ways people have tried to advoid the draft

Flying to Canada, fake a problem with mental health or smoke bad things to fake TB or asthma

Criticisms of college deferments for draft

Only the working class in minorities are going to war in the college students can pay their way out

Values of mainstream culture

Patriotism, marriage, American dream, traditional values

Beat movement

Anti-conformists movement of 1960s rejected middle-class American values in favor for exotic jazz and literature, led to the hippie movement of the 1960s

tet offensive

The Vietnam ambush the US Embassy and ended up in America death

Vietnamization

Nixon’s plan to gradually withdraw troops from Vietnam to allow the South Vietnamese take more action in combating the US’s role in the war

Kent state protest

Students led four day protest over the Vietnam war and ended up in a deadly shooting of four people

War powers resolution

President must consult and report to Congress before sending troops overseas if President’s initiates a hostile action it can only last 60 days to 30 days withdrawal period Congress can then vote whether it will continue if forces have been deployed that aren’t acting on a declaration of war the president must remove them at direction.

My lai massacre

US massacre by the Charlie Company killed 300 and 500 people there was no vehicle no weapons or any other reason to kill these innocent citizens

Silent spring

Book written by Rachel Carson, the biologist who argued human actions were harming the environment most concerned about the impact of pesticides that has on animals and humans

Rachel carson

Author of silent spring , environmentalist, who protested against DDT

EPA

Federal agency created in July 19 70 to help clean and protect the environment

Cuyahoga river fire

An oil slick the cuyahoa river - polluted from decades of industrial waste, led to the beginning of environmental movement

Cause of water gate scandal

Nixon wanted to have a guaranteed win in the next election so he spied on democrats

Short and longer term consequences of watergate

Short term: Nixon is the only president to ever resign

Long term: public distrust the government even more

Who built the Berlin Wall

Soviet soldiers

Why was the Berlin Wall built

To block East Germans from going into the west

SDI

Space base stratigic defense, initially they called it Star Wars because it had plans to use laser beams

Reagan’s impact on ending the Cold War

The Reagan doctrine was designed to roll back communism

National security directive 75

Re intergrate national military in defense spending

Gorbachev impact on ending the Cold War

He trusted bush, they made it possible for him to seize the right moment to act and overcome Soviet troops, he would intervene the domestic affairs of thr Soviet allies

9/11 targets

Twin towers, pentagon and a field in Pennsylvania; likely headed toward the capital

Who many killed in 9/11

Around 3000

Causes of 9/11

Al queda needed to convinced us to remove their troops from Saudi Arabia and for the U.S. to defend Palestinians against Israel and give holy sites to the Muslims.

Response to 9/11

Direct an expanded assault on terrorism and defend the homeland

DHS

they coordinate domestic security efforts that protect from and respond to terrorist attacks

Patriot act

Give law-enforcement broader powers to monitor possible terrorist threats replaced by freedom act in 2015

Debate over the patriot act

What kind of freedom do we have if people are protected from those freedoms

Operation enduring freedom purpose and location

Purpose was to destroy and weaken al queda and remove the taliban government and to prevent Afganistan from being used as a base for terriosiom, mainly in afganastain

Taliban

Te government in the Middle East during the early 2000s

2003 Iraq war purpose and location

Purpose was the overthrow the governemt, mainly in Iraq

Saddam Hussein

Leader of Iraq

Debate over POW

if the giver should use enhanced interrogation techniques on suspected terrorist

Al queda

Terroriste group with osama bin Laden as their leader

Abu Ghraib

The prison where American soldiers would bring POW and torture them and kill them