Chapter 4 - Pipe materials

a cylindrical conduit or conductor denoted by its I.D.

pipe

a cylindrical conduit or conductor denoted by its O.D.

tube

the nominal diameter as designated commercially

diameter

a ball-shaped end is held in a cuplike shell and allows movements in every direction

ball joint

joining by a melted alloy higher than 449 deg C

brazed joint

joining by a melted alloy between 149 to 427 deg C

soldered joint

any joint or seam ontained by the joining of metal parts in a plastic molten state

welded joint or seam

an adjustable tubing connection, consisting of a compression washer

slip joint

plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials; the material pounded into the annular opening

caulking

hemp or old hemp rope soaked in oil or tar to make it waterproof

oakum

portion of pipe suffieciently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a caulked or push-on joint

bell or hub

end of a pipe which fits into a bell, synonymous with faucet

spigot

CISP with plain ends connected by bolted stainless steel bands and neoprene gaskets

hubless pipes

an approved elestrometric sealing gasket with an approved outer shield and a tightening mechanism

shielded coupling

shall comply with International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) standards

hubless CIP joints

• made from alloy of cast iron and silicon

  • used in chemical laboratories, industries where acid wastes are being discharged

acid resistant CIP

• made of asbestos fibers and Portland cement

• superior for embedment in concrete structure for having the same material properties

asbestos pipe

• famous in 50s to 60s when the demand for wood fiber sewers was at its peak

• layers of compressed oil tar-pitchs impregnated ground wood fibers

• cheapest

• orangeburg pipe

bituminous fiber sewer pipe

• made from clay, cast into length of 75 cm

• brittle

• vulnerable to root infiltration

• glass-like, non-porous

• terracotta

vitrified clay pipe

• oldest plumbing materials used by egyptions, greek, and roman builders

  • poisonous and injurous to human health

lead pipe

shall be lapped and assembly shall be fused to form a uniform weld at least as thick as the lead sheets being joined

burned lead joints

for joints in lead pipe or fittings; between lead pipe and brass or copper pipe

wiped joints

made out from mild steel, drawn through a die and welded, cast into 6 meters long

• easily corroded by alkaline and acid water

  • deteriorate faster when used as hot water supply line

galvanized steel pipe

• better in quality than steel pipe, due to lesser carbon content

  • more resistant to acid waste than steel pipe

galvanized wrought iron pipe

• one of the most expensive tyupes of pipe

• made of alloy or zinc and copper mixed at 15% and 85% proportion

brass pipe

• durable and extremely corrosive resistant

• installed without joints where possible

• either drawn tube or annealed tubed

copper pipe

two types of copper pipe

plumbing tube, arc tube

Type K, L, M, and DWV - outside diameter is always 1/8” larger than the standard size

plumbing tube

used for aircon and ref

ARC tube

copper tube, green, heaviest type

type k

copper tube, red, water piping when piping is above ground

type m

copper tube, blue, minimum weight for water supply piping

type L

copper tube, yellow, above ground drainage and vent pipings

dwv

material is type k or L in drawn tube only

• comes in green or blue color

• surface of copper itself is antimicrobial and can effectively kill the most toxic bacteria, fungi and viuses

medical gas tube

• designed to manage the flow of medical gases to specific zones within a facility

• clear, transparent front panel that allows healthcare staff to visually inspect the gas pressure without opening the box.

medical gas zone valve boxes

For chimney joints using asbestos pipe, joints are secured with _

cement mortar

This pipe is also known as Terracotta Pipe

vitrified clay pipe

This types of cast iron is recommended when the length of a pipe needed is more than 150 cm long

single hub

• a rigid pressure piping system renowned for its high impact strength and durability, which combine to form exceptional toughness.

• 160 deg F max service

• suitable for drain, waste, vent, and sewer pipe

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

• strong rigid and economical

• 140 deg F max service

polyvynil chloride PVC

a strong and low-maintenance but lightweight plastic building material

• window frames, building sewer, downspout

unplasticised plyvinyl chloride UPVC

similar to PVC in strength and overall chemical resistance

• 180 deg F max service

chlorinated polyvynil chloride CPVC

according to RNPCP, what color is for potable water pipings?

blue

according to RNPCP what color are drain pipes manufacrtured with toxic components?

brown, orange, or gray

flexible pipe, can’t be used for hot-water

• generally resistant to most ordinary chemicals

polyethylene

UV and acid resistant, mostly used for irrigation pipe

low density polyethylene pipe

suitable for both hot and cold water'; can carry potable water, wastewater, slurries, chemicals, hazardeous wastes

high density polyethylene pipe

flexible pipe alernative to traditional copper and galvanized steel as water supply lines

cross-linked polyethylene PEX

flexible and can be used for either hot water or cold water pressure systems

• obselete, reacts with chlorine

polybuthylene

• highly resistant to heat and chemicals

• good for hot and cold water systems

• 180 deg F max service

  • industrial and laboratory drainage acids, bases, and many solvents

polypropylene random co-polymer

listed facotory made vent pipe and vent fittings for conveying flue gases to the outside atmosphere

vent

vents suitable only for listed, draft-hood equipped, gas-fired appliace, including most domestic heating and hot water systems

• built double wall vent pipes

type b

for venting listed gas-fired vented wall furnices or gas vented recessed heaters

type bw

vents for positive or negative venting gas appliances producing flue gasses at Class I (up to 245 C) or Class II (up to 135 C) temp

type bh

designed for venting approved oil-fired and natural-gas appliances that produce draft hood flue gases that do not exceed a temp of 570 F

type L

used only as connectors; for venting gas or oil

type c

not less than 16 oz. sheet copper, or NO. 20 galvanized sheet gauge steel, or of other equivalent noncombustible corrosion-negative material

single-wall metal vents

a vertical shaft enclosing one or more flues for conveying flue gases to the outside atmosphere

chimney

a listed chimney; often referred to as “class A” chimneys

factory-built chimneys

made of brick or block and require lining for proper safety

masonry chimneys

constructed of metal with a min. thickness of 3.23 mm (no. 10 standard gauge steel sheet)

metal chimney

chimney not in excess of 1000 F

chimney, residential appliance type

chimney, 1000 F to 1400 F

chimney, low heat appliance type

chimney, not in excess of 2000 F

chimney, medium heat appliance type

chimney, in excess of 2000 F

chimney, high heat appliance type

maximum intervals of pipe supports

4 feet or 1.2 m

shall be supported at each story or floor level

vertical piping

alignment of vertical piping shall be maintained between floors with the use of a _

mid-story guide

support trap arms more than _ in length as close as possible to the trap

3 feet or 914 mm

shall be installed at all:

• changes in direction

• changes in size

• stops

  • valves

thrust blocks

a fitting, screwed or caulked over the end of a pipe for closing the pipe end

• a female fitting

cap

a pipe flange that is not drilled for bolt holes

• for permanent closure

blank flange

a flange that closes the end of a pipe

• there is no opening for the passage of fluid or gas

• can still be opened

blind flange

a tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fittings

tapped tee

a hose connection with two-gated outles permitting two connections

wye

a type of fitting equipment designed in such a way to unite two pipes which can be detached without causing any deformation to the pipes

union patente / pipe union

a male threaded fitting which seals the end run of a pipe when fitted into a female threaded fitting

plug

a pipe fitting that connects a larger pipe to a smaller pipe

reducer

permit the system to change between materials such as between plastic and metal pipe, and change between non-threaded pipe to threaded pipes

adaptor

a fitting with adjacent reverse bends and shaped like the letter “S”

double-bend fitting

two offsets in succession or in series such that the ceterlines of the outside ends are in the same straight line

double offset

combination of elbows or bends, which brings one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the original section

offset

an open return bend usually made up two 90deg bends

return bend

all pipings are of threaded pipe, tubing or using recessed drainage fittings

durham system

most suitable for a smooth joint; reduces the probability of grease or foreign material remaining in the joint and causing a stoppage in the line

recessed type

the standard fitting used on water pipe

pressure type

This pipe shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 1.2 m at centers with a rigid vertical back-up

lead pipe

For a gas vent terminating through roof, what component is required?

vent cap

Which of the follwing can be used for got water systems?

ABS

Which of the following is a fitting that closes a male end pipe?

cap