psych 1000 Final Exam: Dennis Miller- (Mizzou)

persuasion tactic: that's not all

one gives a product that people want for a little bit more than is expected, but then includes more into the deal.

persuasion tactic: bait and switch

advertising a good that has the purpose of substituting an already owned item

persuasion tactic: foot in the door

when someone has already agreed to complete a small task, they are more likely to agree to a bigger task

persuasion tactic: door in the face

when someone has already completed a big task they are more likely to agree to complete a bigger task

persuasion tactic: motivational interviewing

an interaction with a client that is geared to changing their behavior through encouragement.

neuroscience/ biological psychologists

psychologist that researches biology of the brain

cognitive psychologists

psychologists that research the way that people think

developmental psychologists

psychologists that research the upbringing of individuals

personality psychologists

psychologists that research the defining traits of a person and how they became to be

social psychologists

psychologists that study how people behave in society

cultural psychologists

psychologists that research the environment a person is immersed in

clinical psychologists

psychologists that research the medical side of how he brain works

counseling psychologists

psychologists that assist the day to day problems that people endure and how that impedes on their cognition

school psychologists

psychologists that assist with the day to day issues that school students endure at school or at home.

industrial/ organizational psychology

psychologists that assist with the day to day issues that business men endure at home and at work

behavioral psychologists

psychologists that research to behavior of a person

psychoanalysis psychologists

psychologists that research the unconscious and subconscious thoughts and feelings inside of an individual

self serving bias

a bias that one has that proves what they think and believe in

gestalt approach

researching the ability to obtain and maintain meaningful perceptions

school of psychology

the school that people teach research the gestalt approach

steps of a scientific method

- Ask a Question.

- Do Background Research.

- Construct a Hypothesis.

- Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment.

- Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion.

- Communicate Your Results.

falsifiable hypothesis

one claims an idea of what could be true, but their is room for rebuttal and test replication

parsimony in research

one gave the simplest explanation for their hypothesis

operational definition

how the researcher is going to perform his research

experiments

this is the research to prove if there is validity or reliability in a statement

self reports

someone reports every time a specific event happens

naturalistic observation

this is the observation of an activity while being anonymous

participation observation

this is the observation of an activity with direct participation

case study

this is a very detailed study of person mostly used for psychopaths and convicts

positive correlation

this is when the number of events increases the other side also increases

negative correlation

this is when the number of events increases the other side decreases

zero correlation

this is when there is no correlation or pattern between to events

correlation coefficient

this is the number from 0- 1 that describes the relationship of the correlation

coefficient strength

the closer to 0 the weaker, but the closer to 1 or -1 the stronger the relationship

third variable problem

when two events are being compared, but there is a third event that has to happen for there to be a correlation

illusory correlation

when one makes a correlation that does not exist.

directionality problem

The inability to determine which variable causes changes in a study

independent variable

this is the variable that is measured

dependent variable

this is the variable that is observed

experimental group

this is the group that is measured

control group

this is the group that is observed

# of groups required for hypothesis

2 groups are required

confound

this is a third variable

representative sample

this is a sample of a smaller group that will represent a larger group

convenience sample

this is a sample that consists of people who are easy to reach

random assignment

this is when the participants are randomly selected to be in a group

validity of research

can the research stay solid when tested to see if the claim it is making can be verified

construct of validity

can this be generalized to other theories or constructs

external validity

can this be generalized to other groups or objects that were not in the study

internal validity

is the relationship causal

inferential statistics

we use inferential statistics to tell the probability of an event

Institutional review board

the board that tests the ethics of the experiments that people want to perform

symptoms of Alzheimer's

forgetfulness and loss of motor function

plaques

the disintegration of beta amyloid proteins

tangles

the over abundance of tau proteins

risk factors of Alzheimer's

it is not curable and will not be able to be diagnosed until death autopsy

cure for Alzheimer's

N/A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

testing for electrical abnormalities of the brain

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

picture of the blood flow activity in a persons brain

Positron emission tomography (PET)

uses a tracer to scan the activity of the brain

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

a detailed the picture of the brain through radioactive waves and magnetism

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

stimulates the brain to reenact a disorder, disease, or dysfunction

nervous system

the bodily system that controls the main and fine tuned muscle movements along with the natural unconscious body functions

central nervous system

this the system that controls the brain and the spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

this is the system that controls the nerves and the unconscious bodily functions

somatic system

this controls the voluntary skeletal muscle movements

autonomic system

this controls the involuntary muscle movements

sympathetic system

this is the system that controls the fight or flight reaction

parasympathetic system

this is the system that controls the ability for the body to calm down

frontal lobe

the lob that has the logic center

parietal lobe

the lobe that controls sensations and perceptions

occipital lobe

the lobe that controls sight

temporal lobe

the lobe that controls hearing

hypothalamus

this brain organ regulates body temperature, hunger, etc.

prefrontal cortex

this brain organ controls higher thinking

hippocampus

this brian organ controls the maintaining of memories and spatial knowledge

thalamus

this brain organ controls sleep and waking cycles

cerebellum

this brain organ regulates muscle coordination

basal ganglia

this brain organ regulates coordination of movements

glial cells

this is a cell that supports the neurons and gives them structure

neuron

a transmitter that send messages through out the body

dendrite

the part of the neuron that receives the message

nucleus

the part of the neuron that controls the neurons functions

axon

the part of the neuron that transfers the message to the terminal button

myelin sheath

the part of the neuron that speeds up the transfer process of the message

terminal button

the part of the neuron that sends the message to the next neuron

synapse

the fluid between the terminal button and the neuron

action potential

a sudden rise in electrical activity in the membrane

resting membrane potential

when sodium is on the outside of the membrane wall and potassium is on the inside of the wall and the membrane is negatively charged

potassium

a chemical in the membrane that is positively charged and when diffuses out of the cell will depolarize the membrane and vice versa

sodium

a chemical that is negatively charged, when it diffuses out of the cell it creates a hyperpolarization

hyperpolarization

the heightening of electrical activity within the membrane

depolarization

the decrease of electrical activity within the membrane

nodes of Ranvier

this is what fires to make the transferring of the message faster

neurotransmitters

chemicals in the brain that control and effect neuronal communication

excitatory signals

signals that are controlled by neurotransmitters to stimulate a part of the brain or body

inhibitory signals

signals that are controlled by neurotransmitters to calm down a part of the brain or body

reuptake

the process of recycling extra postsynaptic neurotransmitters

agonist

a synthetic neurotransmitter that tricks the brain in believing that it is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter

antagonist

a synthetic neurotransmitter that inhibits a natural neuronal function from happening