chapter 4 (2)

differences between Ashkenazi and Sephardim jews

(ashkenazi) germany, northern france, eastern europe, united states (sephardim) origionally from spain and current residence in southern europe and middle eastern countries

characteristics of orthodox jews

most strict, observers follow all jewish laws

characteristics of reform jews

less strict, not all laws are permanently binding

characteristics of conservative jews

middle between orthodox and reform

shehitah definition

special process of slaughtering the animal to obtain the meat for comsumption

shohet definition

the trained individual that kills the animal by cutting the neck with a sharp knife

trefah definition

blemishes present on the meat or organs indicates that the animal is unfit for consumption

jewish dietary laws: examples of animals that are permitted for food

cloven foot, milk and clean animals (cattle, deer, oxen, fish, goats)

jewish dietary laws: forbidden parts of an animal that cannot be consumed

blood and heleb which is fat not intermingled with the flesh

jewish dietary laws: process of "koshering" meat

food is considered to be kosher if the heleb, blood and sciatic nerve are removed: soak 30 mins in water, drain water, cover in kosher salt for 60 mins, salt rinsed off and meat is rinsed a lot to ensure that all the blood and salt are removed

jewish dietary laws about milk and meat

cannot be eaten together

jewish dietary laws: pareve food definition

eggs, fruits, vegetables and dairy

jewish dietary laws: example of a food consumed from forbidden animals

honey: product from unclean animal and its an exception because it does not include organs or parts from the insect

the sabbath: characteristics of the holiday

day of rest, occurs before sundown on friday until nightfall on saturday and dedicated to prayer and rest, no work

circular challah

braided bread

what holiday is apples dipped in honey associated with?

rosh hashanah

what holiday is sheep or fish head associated with?

rosh hashanah

characteristics of yom kippur

occurs 10 days after rosh hashanah, holiest day of the year, observers atone for sins and aim to improve and follow jewish laws, fasting day from sunset to sunset (medications are allowed) and meal that breaks the fast is light: dairy, fish, fruits and vegetables

characteristics of hanukkah

8 day celebration in december, commemorates the recapture of the temple in Jerusalem in 169 BCE and lighting the menorah each night

latkes

potato pancakes

characteristics of passover

eight day festival of spring and freedom, celebrates the anniversary of the jewish exodus from egypt, march or april

matzot/matazh

white flour cracker, unleavened bread

matzo balls

a small dumpling made of seasoned matzo meal bound together with egg and chicken fat, typically served in chicken soup.

what is the seder plate associated with?

passover

roman catholics: feast days

Christmas, Mardi gras, easter, palm sunday

roman catholics: fast days

ash wednesday, lent and ember days (first day of each season)

majority of eastern orthodox are?

greek

eastern orthodox: fasting days

prior to holy communion, no meat of animal products are consumed and fish is avoided except shellfish

eastern orthodox: feasting days

christmas, easter, cheese fare sunday, meat fare sunday

Christianity: feast foods in france and italy during christmas

buche de noel (yule log cake) for france and panettone for italy

dietary restrictions of the mormons

no use of tobacco, strong drinks and hot drinks, not much caffine, eat meat sparingly and eat a grain based wdiet

seventh day adventists: holiday observed

seventh day of the week is called a holy day (entire day dedicated to religion and meal preparation and chores are completed the day before and day after)

seventh day adventists and vegetarianism

lacto-ovo vegetarians (milk and eggs) avoid tea, coffee, alcohol and tobacco products, lots of water, no hot spices, lots of whole grains and eating between meals is discouraged

islam is

nations where the religion is predominant

five pillars

associated with the islam religion

unlawful foods of the Qur'an

all swine, four footed animals that catch their prey with their mouths, improperly slaughtered animals, blood and blood products and alcoholic beverages

islam: fasting day examples

ramadan (abstaining from food, drink, smoking from dawn to sunset)

who is exempt from ramadan?

illness, traveling, pregnancy, lactation, menstruation, elders

what is the caste associated with?

hinduism

hinduism

considered the worlds oldest religion, mostly in india and nepal

dietary practices of hinduism?

avoiding foods that hinder that development of the body or mental abilities, cow, crabs, snails, crocodiles, ducks, parrots, camels, boars and bats. foods cannot be consumed if made by actors, artists, carpenters, cobblers, doctors, musicians, spies, thieves

holi

spring equinox: throwing of powered dyes

divali

November: beginning of the new year, new clothes, pay off old debts, settle arguments, wish good fortune and fireworks

the four noble truths associated with buddhism

dukkha, samudaya, nirodha and magga

buddhism feasting days

vary according to region: july to october

buddhism fasting days

vary according to region: new and full moon of each month, vesak