Non-ruminant Digestion

UIUC ANSC 223

Definition of Digestion

the process of chemical, mechanical, and enzymatic break down of food/feed into substances for absorption into the bloodstream

What are the 3 main types of non-ruminant G.I. tracts?

simple stomach, hindgut fermenter, avian

What type of G.I. tract do pigs have?

simple stomach

What type of G.I. tract do horses have?

hindgut fermenter

What type of G.I. tract do chickens have?

avian

Definition of Prehension

bring food into mouth

Definition of Mastication

chewing food

Definition of Insalivation

Mixing saliva with food

Definition of Salivary amylase

carbohydrate digestion

Definition of Lingual lipase

lipid digestion

Definition of Rennin

complex enzymes found in gastric juice of young pre-ruminants

What hormone controls the flow of gastric juice?

gastrin

What makes up gastric juice? (5)

pepsin, rennin, gastric lipase, HCL, mucus

What are the 2 functions of the small intestine

enzymatic digestion, absorption

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Enzymes in the small intestine act on 4 substances:

carbohydrates, protein, lipids, nucleic acid

What 3 enzymes enter the small intestine from the pancreas?

proteases, carbohydrates, lipase

Enzymes originating in the small intestine include: (7)

enteropeptidase, maltase, sucrase, lactase, peptidase, nucleosidease, and phosphatase

What enzyme converts trypsinogen to trypsin?

enteropeptidase

What enzyme converts maltose to glucose?

maltase

What enzyme converts sucrose to glucose + fructose?

sucrase

What enzyme converts lactose to glucose + galactose?

lactase

What enzyme converts peptides to amino acids?

peptidase

What enzyme converts nucleic acids to pentoses, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases

nucleosidase and phosphatase

What are the 3 mechanisms of absorption?

simple diffusion, active transport, protein-mediated transport

What are the 4 roles of the large intestine?

water absorption, waste storage, fiber digestion, sodium chloride absorption

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine?

cecum, large colon, small colon

This part of the avian tract takes part in feed storage and moistening

crop

This part of the avian tract is part of the glandular stomach

proventriculus

this part if the avian tract takes part in the muscular stomach, mechanical breakdown, and contains grit to help with grinding

gizzard

this part of the avian tract takes part in microbial fermentation, fiber digestion, and water absorption

ceca

This part of the avian tract is the common chamber for G.I. tract and urinary tract, as well as laying eggs

cloaca

Salivary amylase

enzyme that digest carbohydrates in saliva

Lingual lipase

enzyme that digest lipids in the stomach

Peristalsis

wave-like muscle contractions moving food through G.I. tract

Zymogens

inactive enzyme precursor requiring activation

Pepsinogen

inactive form of pepsin, activated by HCL

Duodenum

first section of the small intestine for digestion

Jejunum

middle section of the small intestine for absorption

Ileum

final section of small intestine, mainly absorbs nutrients

Protease

enzymes that digest proteins into amino acids

Carbohydrases

enzymes that digest carbohydrates into simple sugars

Lipase

enzyme that digest lipids into fatty acids

Bile

produced in the liver, emulsifies for absorption

Micelle

structure aiding in lipid absorption in intestines