Anatomy and Physiology Review Flashcards
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A collection of practice flashcards covering key concepts from Anatomy, Physiology, Blood, and Laboratory Technology.
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81 Terms
What best describes the anatomical position of the human body?
Body is standing upright with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body.
What is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into left and right equal parts?
Midsagittal (median) plane.
What does the transverse plane divide the body into?
Superior and inferior portions.
Which plane separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts?
Coronal (frontal) plane.
Which body cavity is located at the anterior aspect of the body?
Ventral cavity.
What two cavities does the dorsal cavity subdivide into?
Cranial and spinal cavities.
Which cavity contains the heart, lungs, and esophagus?
Thoracic cavity.
What does the term 'proximal' refer to?
A structure that is closer to the trunk or point of origin.
Which membrane lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs?
Pleura.
How does a parasagittal plane differ from a midsagittal plane?
It divides the body into unequal left and right parts.
Who is credited with the discovery of the cell?
Robert Hooke.
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
Cell.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria.
What type of cell contains a cell wall?
Plant cell.
Which tissue connects muscles to bones?
Tendon.
What does the nucleus control?
Cell activities.
Which type of tissue is responsible for movement?
Muscular tissue.
What is another name for the plasma membrane?
Cell membrane.
Which tissue covers body surfaces?
Epithelial tissue.
What type of tissue is blood classified as?
Connective tissue.
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
Which tissue transports water in plants?
Xylem.
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell?
Cytoplasm.
Which tissue conducts nerve impulses?
Nervous tissue.
What are lysosomes commonly referred to as?
Suicide bags.
What kind of permanent tissue in plants includes Parenchyma?
Permanent tissue.
Which tissue provides support and flexibility to body parts?
Cartilage.
In which type of cell is the vacuole largest?
Plant cell.
Which tissue helps in protection?
Epithelial tissue.
Where does cell division occur?
Nucleus.
How many bones are present in the adult human body?
206.
What is the longest bone in the human body?
Femur.
Which bone protects the brain?
Skull.
The axial skeleton includes what?
Skull and vertebral column.
What type of muscle is under voluntary control?
Skeletal muscle.
The joint between skull bones is classified as what type of joint?
Fixed joint.
Which bone forms the shoulder joint with the humerus?
Scapula.
How many vertebrae does the vertebral column have?
33.
Which tissue connects muscle to bone?
Tendon.
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge.
Which bone is known as the collar bone?
Clavicle.
Where are red blood cells produced?
Red marrow.
Which bone is NOT part of the upper limb?
Tibia.
Which muscle helps in breathing?
Diaphragm.
Which joint allows movement in all directions?
Ball and socket.
What is another name for the sternum?
Breastbone.
Which bone forms the hip joint?
Femur.
Where is smooth muscle primarily found?
Blood vessels.
Which bone protects the heart and lungs?
Rib cage.
What is the functional unit of muscle contraction?
Sarcomere.
What is the patella commonly known as?
Knee cap.
Which bone forms the ankle joint?
Talus.
Which muscle is present only in the heart?
Cardiac muscle.
The pelvic girdle protects what?
Urinary bladder.
Which vitamin is essential for bone health?
Vitamin D.
What is another name for the scapula?
Shoulder blade.
Which bone is part of the forearm?
Radius.
Which muscle bends the arm at the elbow?
Biceps.
What does osteology study?
Bones.
What is the main function of red blood cells?
Oxygen transport.
What is the liquid portion of blood called?
Plasma.
What percentage of blood is plasma?
55%.
What normal hemoglobin level is found in adult males?
13–17 g/dL.
What is the main function of red blood cells?
Oxygen transport.
Which blood cells are responsible for immunity?
White blood cells (WBC).
What is the normal total WBC count?
4,000–11,000 /mm³.
What component in blood helps with clotting?
Platelets.
What is the normal platelet count?
1.5–4 lakh/mm³.
How does serum differ from plasma?
Serum lacks fibrinogen.
Which antigen is present in blood group A?
Antigen A.
Blood group AB has what antibodies?
No antibodies.
What is the universal donor blood group?
O negative.
What is the universal recipient blood group?
AB.
What does the Rh factor relate to?
Antigen D.
Which WBC is most abundant?
Neutrophils.
What is normal RBC count in males?
4–6 million/mm³.
What is the most common blood disorder due to low hemoglobin?
Anemia.
What is the normal lifespan of RBCs?
120 days.
What is Rh incompatibility due to?
ABO mismatch.
What is the function of hemoglobin?
Transport oxygen.
Elevated CSF protein commonly indicates what?
Meningitis.