World History

What was the main motivation behind the Age of Exploration?

Wealth, spread of Christianity, and new technology.

Who is known as the founder of the navigation school in Portugal?

Henry the Navigator.

What did Bartolomeu Dias accomplish in 1488?

He discovered the southern tip of Africa.

Which Portuguese explorer reached Calicut, India in 1497?

Vasco da Gama.

What disease caused swollen bleeding gums among sailors during exploration?

Scurvy.

Who funded Christopher Columbus's voyages?

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.

What did Christopher Columbus discover in 1492?

He landed in the Caribbean Islands, believing he reached Asia.

What established the rights of Spain and Portugal to new lands?

The Line of Demarcation.

What treaty created the Line of Demarcation?

The Treaty of Tordesillas.

Which explorer claimed that Columbus had discovered a 'New World'?

Amerigo Vespucci.

What was Ferdinand Magellan known for in 1519?

He was the first to circumnavigate the world and passed around the southern tip of South America.

What title is given to Spanish conquerors?

Conquistador.

What did Hernando Cortes accomplish?

He conquered the Aztecs in Mexico.

What were the main reasons for the Spanish victory in conquests?

Advanced weapons, disease, and native allies.

What was the purpose of the encomienda system?

It granted land and native slaves to Spanish rulers.

What is a mestizo?

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American descent.

Who claimed Canada for France?

Jacques Cartier.

What was Jamestown known for?

It was the first English colony, profitable from tobacco.

Which colony was established by Pilgrims for religious freedom?

Plymouth.

What was the Triangular Trade?

A trade route between three continents, including the slave trade.

What was the Middle Passage?

The slave transfer route between Africa and North America.

How many slaves were taken to the Americas by 1800?

11 million.

What was the impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa?

Decline of some African states and the creation of new states.

What did the Columbian Exchange involve?

The transfer of animals, plants, culture, humans, diseases, and technology between the Americas and Europe/Africa.

What did the Americas contribute to Europe during the Columbian Exchange?

Peanuts, pineapples, cocoa, tomatoes, and potatoes.

What diseases devastated Native American populations?

Smallpox, mumps, and influenza.

What is mercantilism?

Economic theory where a nation's wealth is measured by its gold and silver.

What must nations do according to mercantilism?

Export more goods than they import.

How did colonies fit into the concept of mercantilism?

Colonies exist as customers and suppliers of raw materials.

What is the penalty for countries under mercantilism on imports?

Imposition of tariffs or taxes on imported goods.

What did the explorers seek during the Age of Exploration?

God, Glory, and Gold.

Who conquered Peru during the Spanish conquests?

Francisco Pizarro.

What type of settlers are called Peninsulares?

Spanish settlers born in Spain.

Who were the Creoles in colonial society?

Spanish blood born in America.

What was the role of missionaries in the Spanish colonies?

To spread Christianity.

What is a mulatto?

A person of mixed African and European descent.

Who founded New France and Quebec?

Samuel de Champlain.

What did the Spanish colonial class system rank?

It ranked Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattos, Native Indians, and African Slaves.

What valuable resources were traded in the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Tobacco and sugar.

What animals and technologies were brought to the Americas from Europe?

Wheat, cattle, horses, and firearms.

What caused cultural exchanges and population declines among Native Americans?

Diseases brought by Europeans.

What was the educational purpose of Henry the Navigator's school?

To advance navigation and exploration techniques.

Which explorer is recognized for first realizing the true size of the Americas?”,

Amerigo Vespucci.