P2-OD-EXTRAORAL DIAGNOSIS

Parkinson's disease

THis disease is degenerative disorder of the central nervous system causes involuntar y uncontrol led movements.

1.body rigidity

2. Short dragging footteps

3.strembling arms (pill rolling)

IN parkinson's disease, Classic signs include

Arthritis

This condition Impairment of the dominant hand joints may contribute to ineffective oral hygiene

1. NOrmal

2.Osteoarthritis

3.Rhematoid arthritis

What are the 3 common types of arthritis?

rhematoid arthritis

THis type of arthritis is caused by inflammation of membrane lining the joint

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

THis arthrtis has the symptoms:

pain, swelling, stiffness, and tenderness in more than one joints. Joitns may be "hot and red, common in hands, weritst, and feet

30-40 YEARS OLD

AGE RANGE WHERE THEUMATOID ARTHRITIS OCCURS

OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)

THIS TYPE OF ARTHRITIS IS CAUSED BY BREAKDOWN OF JOINT CARTILAGE

Osteoarthritis (OA)

THIS TYPE OF ARTHRITIS HAS SYMPTOMS:

PAIN, STIFFNESS, AND SWELLING. COMMON IN FINGERS, HIPS, KNEES, AND BACK

WOmen (45-90)

what gender and age range does osteoarthritis affect?

Gout

This type of arthritis is caused by build up of uric acid crsytals in hte joint fluid

GOut

This type of arthritis has symptoms :

Sudden onsset of burning pain, stiffness, reedness, and swelling. Common in big toe ankle , knee, wrist, and elbow

MEn over 40

What gender and age range does GOut affect?

1. Face dropping

2.Arm weakness

3.Speech dificulties

4.TIme to call

WHat is the 4 stroke symptoms

DENDRITES

PART OF A NEURON, THIS PART ORECEIVES SIGNAL S FROM OTHER CELLS

CELL BODY

PART OF A NEURON, THIS ORGANIZES AND KEEPS THE CELL FUNCTIONAL

CELL MEMBRANE

PART OF A NEURON, PROTECTS THE CELL

AXON HILOCK

PART OF A NEURON

NODE OF RANVIER

PART OF A NEURON

SCHWANN CELL

PART OF A NEURON, PRODUCES MYELIN SHEATH

Nucleus

PART OF A NEURON, CONTROLS THE ENTIRE NEURON

AXON

PART OF A NEURON, transfers signals to other cells an organs

MYELIN SHEATH

PART OF A NEURON

AXON TERMINAL

PART OF A NEURON

STROKE

WHAT IS CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT ALSO KNOWN AS

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)

This is the Disruption in the blood supply and oxygen deprivation to a portion of the brain, causing death of some brain cells

BLOOD CLOT OF THROMBUS

CAUSE OF DISRUPTION OF CVA

HEART ATTACK

MYOCARDIAC INFARCTION IS ALSO KNOWN AS?

Circle of Willis

This is an anatomical structure that provides an anastomotic connection between the anterior and posterior circulations, providing collateral flow to affected brain regions in the event of arterial incompetenc

1. TOngue

2.Hand movement

In stroke assessment, ask the patient for 2 types of movement

A. Thrombus

This is blood clot

A. Thrombus

B. emboli

Neuromuscular disorders

These are Group of diseases related to either muscles, nerves, or both

1. PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

3.MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

4. MUSCULAR ADYSTROPHY

5.IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOSITIS

5 TYPES OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

Multiple schlerosis

This neuromuscular disorder has problems with vision, arm or leg movement, sensation or balance.

Huntington disease

This neuromuscular disorder is progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain.

Results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders.

Myasthenia gravis

This is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles.

Corticosteroids

Treatment for myasthenia gravis

Muscular dystrophy

This is progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.

Abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.

IDiopathic inflammatory myoitis

THis is inflammation of muscle (myositis) and other organ systems, resulting in widespread organ dysfunction, increased morbidity and early mortality.

98.6 f (37c)

vital signs, core temeprature

60-100 beas ts per minute

vital signs, heart rate

12-18 breaths per minute

vital signs , respiratory rate

95-100%

vital signs blood oxygen

120/80 mm Hg

vital signs, blood pressure

Heart attack

Stroke

Chronic kidney disease

In hypertension, what are the 3 risk factor

1. left ventricular hyperthrophy

2.Aortic stenosis

3.Conduction defects

IN hypertension, A high blood pressure reading in the dental clinic may indicate the presence of a significant cardiovascular conditions such as (3)

Hyposalvilation

In hypertension, In addition, many antihypertensive medications have adverse oral effects, most notably

Arrhythmia

is a general term for a group of conditions characterized by an irregular heartbeat.

ECG tracing (electrocadiogram)

This is to know if you have arrythemia

Bradycardia

This type of sinus rhythm

Tachycardia

This type of sinus rhythm is complexes normal, evenly spaced

-high pulse rate

MOre than 100 bpm

-still rhythmic

Atrial fibrilation

This type of sinus rhythm baseline irregular, ventricular respose irregular

-Distance not equal

Ventricular fibrillation

This type of sinus rhythm is rapid, wide irregular ventiruclar complexes

Ventricular fibrillation

This type of sinus rhythm is treated with CPR or defibrillation

Arthritic hands

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, this Swollen and inflamed joints can be signs of many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.

Corticosteroids

In arthritic hands, if you have Rheumatoid arthritis what drug is used for treatment

1. ANTIGOUT

2. URICOSUICS

3. ALLOPURINOL & COLCHICINE

In arthritic hands, what is used to traet gouty arthritis (3)

Bruises (Ecchymosis)

This ab can be a sign of an acquired or hereditary bleeding disorder and may warrant further investigation or treatment plan modification.

1. physical abuse

2.Trauma

ecchymosis is reults from? (2)

Splinter hemorrhages

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, are dots o r v e r t i c a l s t r e a k s o f hemorrhages under the nails

Nail trauma

What is the most common cause of splinter hemorrhages

1.Aspirin

2.Warfarin

Medication for splinter hemorrahges (2)

Pitting (or dependent) edema

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space of lower limb tissue resulting in swelling that can be dimpled with finger pressure

Cognitive hear t failure

kidney failure

liver cirrhosis

In pitting edema, May occur in pregnancy or other serious health problems like (3)

NEVI

It is not uncommon to find dark brown or black macules or papules on the skin of the face and neck. The most common diagnosis of these lesions is

Nevi

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, most common benign tumors of the skin consist of clusters of nevus cells in the epidermis or dermi

referral to a dermatologist for e valuation and biopsy

In nevi, When clinical findings are not discriminatory, what must be done r indicated

Seborheic keratoses

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, are light or dark brown lesions that are flat or slightly elevated on the skin of older individuals.

less than 1 cm

For seborrheic keratoses, The lesions vary in size but are usually how much mm in diameter and have a velvety to finely verrucous surface

Solar keratosis

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, This is a premalignant skin condition caused by sun damage and usual l y occurs in older individuals with light complexions who ha ve experienced prolonged sunlight exposure, causing the skin to become scaly, rough, and slightly red and elevated.

Solar cheilosis

In solar keratosis, this type is solar keratosis of the lower lip; it appears vermilion with indistinct mucocutaneous borders.

Basal cell carcinoma

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, This is a common neoplasm often found on the skin of adults who have a history of long exposure to sunlight. Despite being malignant, this condition rarely metastasizes.

Squamous Cell Carcinomaasd

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces, a malignant neoplasm of epidermal or epithelial origin, has potential for distant metastasis. Although less common than BCCA on the skin of the head and neck, it has a significantly higher morbidity and mortality.

Melanoma

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surface this is a malignant neoplasm of

melanocytes in the basal layer of the

epidermis and epithelium,

hEAD AND NECK REGION

In melanoma, which reigon does it usually occur

Excessive exposure to sunlight

In melanoma, what is a major risk factor

1. IgA

2.IgD

3.IgE

4.IgG

5.IgM

5 types of antbodies

IgA

This antibody is secreted into mucous saliva, tears, colustrum, tags pathogen for destruction

IgD

This antibody is B cell receptor stimulates elease of IgM

IgE

THis antibody binds to mast cells and basophils Allergy and antiparasitic activity

IgG

This antibody binds to phagocytes. main blood antibody for secondary responses crosses placenta

IgM

THis antibody fixed complement. main antibody of primary responses. B-cell REceptor immune system memory

Urticaria

THis is a transient skin condition, characterized by red or white bumps on the skin with intense itching

Hives

Urticaria is also knwon as

IgE mediated allergic reaction

most common cause of urticaria

Angioedema

This type of edema is localized and limited to the superficial portion of the dermis and involves a wider and deeper portion of the dermis and subdermis, resulting in swelling over a larger area.

TRue

TRue or false: angioedema and urticaria are short lived

Contact dermatitis

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surface this condition is a T cell- mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction in which an antigen encounters the skin and is linked to skin protein, forming an antigen complex that leads to sensitization.

1. Pruritic ythema

2Vesicles

3.Bullae

IN contact dermatitis, witin 24-48 hours what does it form?

Herpes Zoster

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Hands or Exposed Skin Surface, is a skin eruption spreading in a belt-like pattern and is a recurrent episode of latent varicella zoster virus infection in individuals who contracted chickenpox in childhood and carry latent viruses in the sensory nerve ganglia.

Belt like pattern

iN herpes zoster, what type of pattern is present?

Hyperthyroidism

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Head, Face and Neck Region, Enlargement of the thyroid gland may be diffuse or nodular and may be unilateral or bilateral. What condition is this

Bulging thyroDid area

MOst common sign of hyperthyroidism

1. HIGH FEVER

2. AGITAYION

3. DELIRIUM

4.COGNATIVE HEART FALURE

5. LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

5 SYMPTMES OF THYROID STORM

lymphadenopathy

In ABNORMALITIES apparent on Head, Face and Neck Region, These are abnormal cervical lymph nodes, also known as

Lymphadenitis

In lymphadenopathy, this term refers to inflammatory disease in the nodes, in which the nodes become enlarged or tender.

Lymphanoid hyperplasia

IN lymphadenopathy, this Consists of enlargement of normal lymphoid aggregates, often caused by antigenic stimulus

Calcified lymph nodes

In lymphadenopathy, this type of lymph nodes Not uncommon for these reactive lymph nodes to become calcified, producing radiopaque image on panoramic radiographs

PAROTITIS

in mumps, what is ialso known as?

MMPV vaccine

In mumps, it can be prevented through What vaccine?