Marine Invert Lecture Exam 5

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Body

Head: Has eyes & carapace covers whole thorax

Thorax: 5 pairs of maxillipeds & 5 pairs of uniramous pereopods

Pleon: Variable

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Traits

Dendrobranchiate (tree-shaped) gills

Eggs released into water

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Body

3-350 mm

Head: Long antennae & rostrum

Thorax: Small Pereopods (1→3 chelate)

Pleon: Held out from body w/ 5 swimming pleopods

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Habitat

Mostly Benthic

Few Planktonic

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Digestion

Omnivore/Scavenger

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Reproduction

Nauplius → Zoea → Mysis

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Ecology

Middle Food Chain

Life Cycle & Migration:

• Larva in Plankton

• Settles in bays using seagrass

• Adult offshore in sand

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Other

Commercial Fishery & Mariculture

• Bycatch: Trawls took more than intended shrimp, led to TED (Turtle Exclusion Device)

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Traits

Non-dendrobranchiate gills

Eggs held on pleon

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

Body

70-80mm

Thorny

Head: Long antennae & rostrum

Thorax: Pereopods 1→3 chelate, and 3 = Large

Pleon: Held out from body w/ 5 pleopods

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

Habitat

On structure-reefs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

Digestion

Carnivore, cleaners

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

Reproduction

Pair Bonds (monogamy)

Zoea Larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

Ecology

Reef Food Web

Cleaning function

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

Other

Aquarium Trade

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Caridea

Body

2-320 mm

Head: Long antennae & rostrum

Thorax: Pereopods 1→2 chelate, sometimes large

Pleon: 2nd segment overlaps 1&3, 5 pleopod pairs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Caridea

Habitat

All

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Caridea

Digestion

All

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Caridea

Reproduction

Zoea larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Caridea

Ecology

Food Web

Commensal w/ sea anemone

Cleaners

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Caridea

Other

Aquarium Trade

Freshwater Prawn

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Astacidea

Body

30-600 mm

Head: Long antennae & rostrum

Thorax: Pereopods 1→3 chelate w/ one side larger, Pereo 1=Large

Pleon: Held away from body, 5 pleopod pairs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Astacidea

Habitat

Benthic

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Astacidea

Digestion

Omnivore/Scavenger

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Astacidea

Reproduction

Zoea Larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Astacidea

Ecology

Middle Food Web

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Astacidea

Other

Commercial Fishing

Homarus americanus - Maine Lobster

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Achelata

Body

50-600 mm

Head: Very long or disk antennae, calcified, and NO rostrum

Thorax: Usually NON-chelate, last may be chelate

Pleon: Held away from body, 4 pleopod pairs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Achelata

Habitat

Structure-reefs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Achelata

Digestion

Omnivore/Scavenger

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Achelata

Reproduction

Phyllosoma Larva (unique) - Large, flat (NOT sink), leaf-like, drift b/w populations

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Achelata

Ecology

Mid-food web

Migration (life cycle)

“March of Lobster” - form very large lines

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Achelata

Other

Commercial and Sport Fishery

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Polychelida

Body

Many claws

100-200 mm

Head: Short antennae, reduced eyes, and has rostrum

Thorax: 1→4 pereopods chelate, sometimes 5, and 1=Large

Pleon: Held away from body, 5 pleopod pairs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Polychelida

Habitat

100-2000m

Benthic Sand

Buries

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Polychelida

Digestion

Carnivore/Scavenger

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Polychelida

Reproduction

Eryoneicus - large and robust larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Polychelida

Ecology

Minor

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Axiidea

Body

20-100 mm

Head: Thin carapace, eye b/w 1st & 2nd antennae, short rostrum

Thorax: 1→2 pereopods chelate, possible asymmetry, and 5=small

Pleon: Held away from body, 5 pleopod pairs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Axiidea

Habitat

Sand/Mud

Dig elaborate burrow

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Axiidea

Digestion

Particulate

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Axiidea

Reproduction

Zoea and Megalops Larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Axiidea

Ecology

Food web

Bioturbation

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Axiidea

Other

Bait

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Gebiidea

Body

20-100 mm

Head: Thin carapace, eye b/w 1st & 2nd antennae, short rostrum

Thorax: 1 pereopod chelate and large

Pleon: Held away from body, 5 pleopod pairs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Gebiidea

Habitat

Sand/Mud burrow

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Gebiidea

Digestion

Particulate

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Gebiidea

Reproduction

Zoea and Megalops Larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Gebiidea

Ecology

Food Web

Bioturbation

Complex Burrow

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Gebiidea

Other

Bait

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Anomura

Body

40-300 mm

Head: Eye b/w 1st & 2nd antennae, short rostrum and antennae

Thorax: 1 pereopod chelate and large, 5 = small

Pleon: Loosely held under thorax, highly variable

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Anomura

Habitat

Benthic

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Anomura

Digestion

All

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Anomura

Reproduction

Zoea and Megalops larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Anomura

Ecology

Major in Food Web

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Anomura

Other

Small in pet trade

Big fishery for King Crab

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Brachyura

Body

2-200 mm Carapace

Head: Eye outside 1st & 2nd antennae, variable rostrum and short antennae

Thorax: 1 pereopod chelate and large

Pleon: Tightly held under thorax, highly variable

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Brachyura

Habitat

Benthic

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Brachyura

Digestion

All

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Brachyura

Reproduction

Zoea and Megalops larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Brachyura

Ecology

Important in Food Web

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Brachyura

Other

Commercial Fishery

Phylum Nematoda

Body

Few mm (most) - few cm

Needle shaped and clear

Longitudinal but NO circular muscle

Phylum Nematoda

Habitat

Benthic

Interstitial

Phylum Nematoda

Digestion

Complete

Buccal Cavity-Stylets

All Feeding Types

Phylum Nematoda

Circulation

NONE

Phylum Nematoda

Excretion

Gland or Tubules

Phylum Nematoda

Respiration

Diffusion

Phylum Nematoda

Reproduction

Dioecious

Direct Development

Phylum Nematoda

Nervous

Ring Ganglia

4 Nerve cords

Ocelli

Papillae - chemo and touch

Cephalic Amphids

Caudal Phasmids

Phylum Nematoda

Ecology

Abundant in every habitat

Phylum Nematoda

Other

Biomodel for research

Phylum Priapulida

Body

1 mm-cm

Introvert → Trunk → Caudal Appendage

Introvert can retract, has leaf-like scalids, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, and retractor muscles

Caudal Appendages are tentacle-like

Outside had thin cuticle

Phylum Priapulida

Habitat

Mud/Sand

Cooler water

Phylum Priapulida

Digestion

Complete

Carnivore or Detritivore

Phylum Priapulida

Circulation

None

Phylum Priapulida

Excretion

Protonephridia

Phylum Priapulida

Respiration

Diffusion w/ hemerythrin in coelomocytes

Phylum Priapulida

Reproduction

Dioecious

Direct Development

Few have Loricate larva

Phylum Priapulida

Nervous

Ring ganglia

1 cord

Papillae (flosculi)

Phylum Priapulida

Ecology

Minor

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Body

100 μm-1mm

Introvert → Neck → Trunk

Introvert has Scalids, Circular & Longitudinal muscle

Trunk has 11 segment cuticle

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Habitat

Interstitial

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Digestion

Complete

Deposit Feeder

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Circulation

NONE

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Excretion

Protonephridia

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Respiration

Diffusion

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Reproduction

Dioecious

Direct Development

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Nervous

Ring Ganglia

8 cords

Ocelli

Bristles

Phylum Kinoryhynca

Ecology

Meiofauna