Introduction To Human Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering anatomical terminology, regions, directional terms, planes of section, and body cavities based on introductory anatomy and physiology lecture notes.

Standard Anatomical Position

A position where the subject stands erect with the head on extension and facing forward, arms at the sides of the torso with palms facing forward, and legs close to the midline with toes pointing forward.

Decubitus

A term derived from the Latin verb "decumbere," meaning lying down.

Recumbent

A word that refers to the position of lying down.

Right lateral decubitus

A position where the patient is lying down on his or her right side.

Dorsal decubitus (Supine decubitus)

A position where the patient is lying down on his or her back, facing up.

Ventral decubitus (Prone decubitus)

A position where the patient is lying down on his or her belly, facing down.

Cephalon (Cephalic)

The anatomical region referring to the head.

Frons (Frontal)

The anatomical region referring to the forehead.

Cranium (Cranial)

The anatomical region referring to the skull.

Facies (Facial)

The anatomical region referring to the face.

Oris (Oral)

The anatomical region referring to the mouth.

Mentis (Mental)

The anatomical region referring to the chin.

Axilla (Axillary)

The anatomical region referring to the armpit.

Brachium (Brachial)

The anatomical region referring to the arm.

Antecubitis (Antecubital)

The anatomical region referring to the front of the elbow.

Antebrachium (Antebrachial)

The anatomical region referring to the forearm.

Carpus (Carpal)

The anatomical region referring to the wrist.

Palma (Palmar)

The anatomical region referring to the palm.

Pollex

The anatomical term for the thumb.

Digits (Phalanges)

The anatomical terms for fingers or toes.

Patella (Patellar)

The anatomical region referring to the kneecap.

Crus (Crural)

The anatomical region referring to the anterior leg.

Tarsus (Tarsal)

The anatomical region referring to the ankle.

Hallux

The anatomical term for the great toe.

Nasus (Nasal)

The anatomical region referring to the nose.

Oculus (Orbital or Ocular)

The anatomical region referring to the eye.

Auris (Otic)

The anatomical region referring to the ear.

Bucca (Buccal)

The anatomical region referring to the cheek.

Cervicis (Cervical)

The anatomical region referring to the neck.

Thoracis (Thoracic)

The anatomical region referring to the thorax or chest.

Mamma (Mammary)

The anatomical region referring to the breast.

Umbilicus (Umbilical)

The anatomical region referring to the navel.

Inguen (Inguinal)

The anatomical region referring to the groin.

Femur (Femoral)

The anatomical region referring to the thigh.

Acromion (Acromial)

The anatomical region referring to the shoulder point.

Dorsum (Dorsal)

The anatomical region referring to the back.

Olecranon (Olecranal)

The anatomical region referring to the back of the elbow.

Lumbus (Lumbar)

The anatomical region referring to the loin.

Gluteus (Gluteal)

The anatomical region referring to the buttock.

Popliteus (Popliteal)

The anatomical region referring to the back of the knee.

Sura (Sural)

The anatomical region referring to the calf.

Calcaneus (Calcaneal)

The anatomical region referring to the heel of the foot.

Pes (Pedal)

The anatomical region referring to the foot.

Planta (Plantar)

The anatomical region referring to the sole of the foot.

Anterior

The front of the body or in front of another structure.

Ventral

The belly side; used in place of anterior.

Rostral

A term used for the head that can replace anterior.

Posterior

The back or behind.

Dorsal

In humans, it has the same meaning as posterior.

Superior (Cranial/Cephalic)

Towards the head; going toward the upper part of the body.

Inferior (Caudal/Podalic)

Towards the coccyx (tail) or the lower part of the body.

Lateral

Away from the mid-line of the body.

Medial

Towards the mid-line of the body.

Proximal

Towards an attached point or base (nearer the body).

Distal

Away from an attached point or base (away from the body).

Superficial

At or near the surface of the body.

Deep

Farther from the surface of the body.

Ipsilateral (Homolateral)

Refers to structures or organs located on the same side of the body.

Contralateral (Heterolateral)

Refers to structures or organs located on opposite sides of the body.

Transverse Plane (Horizontal)

A plane perpendicular to the long axis of the body that divides it into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.

Sagittal Plane

A plane parallel to the long axis of the body that divides it into left and right sections.

Mid-sagittal Plane

A sagittal plane that cut down the mid-line and divides the body into two equal sections.

Frontal Plane (Coronal)

A plane parallel to the long axis of the body that splits it into an anterior and a posterior portion.

Cranial cavity

A cavity formed by the bones of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain.

Thoracic cavity

A cavity surrounded by the chest wall and the diaphragm containing the lungs.

Mediastinum

The central space in the thoracic cavity interposed between the two pleural cavities.

Pericardial cavity

Located in the middle portion of the mediastinum, it surrounds and contains the heart.

Abdomino-pelvic cavity

A cavity containing digestive organs, glands, the urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

Dorsal cavity

A cavity subdivided at the level of the Foramen Magnum into the upper Cranial cavity and lower Spinal (Vertebral) cavity.

Ventral cavity (Coelum)

A cavity subdivided by the Diaphragm into the upper Thoracic cavity and lower Abdomino-pelvic cavity.

Angle of Louis (Sternal angle)

The level at which a transverse plane passes through the 4th intervertebral space, dividing the mediastinum into superior and inferior.

Middle mediastinum (MM)

The portion of the mediastinum containing the heart enclosed in the pericardiac sac.

Anterior mediastinum (AM)

A narrow space located between the sternum and the heart.

Posterior mediastinum (PM)

The space behind the heart and anterior to the vertebral column.

Abdomino-pelvic Quadrants

Four sectors (RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ) formed by two perpendicular planes intersecting at the umbilicus.

Epigastric region

The superior central region of the nine abdomino-pelvic regions.

Umbilical region (Mesogastrium)

The central region of the nine abdomino-pelvic regions.

Hypogastric region

The inferior central region of the nine abdomino-pelvic regions.

Hypochondriac Region

The upper lateral regions (right and left) of the nine abdomino-pelvic regions.

Lumbar Region

The middle lateral regions (right and left) of the nine abdomino-pelvic regions.

Iliac Region

The lower lateral regions (right and left) of the nine abdomino-pelvic regions.