3.4.1 - DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
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16 Terms
What are similarities between DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Both are made of DNA nucleotides
Both have nucleotides held together by phosphodiester bonds to make a chain
What are differences between DNA in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
DNA in eukaryotes is longer than in prokaryotes
DNA is linear in eukaryotes and circular in prokaryotes
DNA is associated with histones in eukaryotes and not in prokaryotes
What is a chromosome?
Tightly coiled DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Which organelles in a eukaryotic cell contain DNA?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Is the DNA in mitochondria more similar to eukaryotic DNA or prokaryotic DNA?
Prokaryotic because it’s short, circular and not associated with histones
What is a gene?
A base sequence of DNA that codes for:
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
A functional RNA
What is a locus?
The particular fixed position of a gene on a chromosome
What is a triplet?
A sequence of 3 DNA bases
Define the term degenerate
Each amino acid is coded for by more than one triplet
Why is it an advantage to have degenerate genetic code?
If a mutation occurs even though the triplet may be different it still may code for the same amino acid therefore no effect
Why is it an advantage to have degenerate genetic code?
If a mutation occurs even though the triplet may be different it still may code for the same amino acid therefore no effect
Why is having universal genetic code advantageous?
Scientists can do gene modifications and insert a triplet from one organism into another and as its universal it would code for the same amino acid
Define the term non-overlapping
Each base belongs to only one triplet
Why is having non-overlapping genetic code advantageous?
If there is a substitution mutation and the base changes, it will only affect one triplet and therefore one amino acid
What are exons?
Sections of DNA within a gene that code for amino acid sequences
What are introns?
Sections of non-coding DNA