hema ratio

In the red blood cell, the hexose monophosphate shunt:

Helps prevent oxidation of hemoglobin

The major site for removal of normal aged erythrocytes is:

Spleen

Compared to Rubricyte, a Metarubricyte looks different

because of its:

Pyknotic nucleus

What is the distribution of normal hemoglobin in adults?

>95% HbA, <3.5% HbA2, 1% to 2% HbF

This renal hormone stimulates Erythropoiesis in the bone

marrow:

EPO

These pairs of chains make up the majority of hemoglobin in

normal adults:

2-Alpha and 2 Beta

A shift to the right in the ODC (O2 dissociation curve) occurs when there is a/an

Increase in CO2

Bite cells are associated with:

G6PD deficiency

Relative polycythemia may be found:

In dehydration

Anemia due to failure of the kidneys to produceerythropoietin (EPO) and decreased bone marrow response to EPO

Anemia of chronic renal insufficiency

Patients with beta thalassemia major may show increased amounts of

Hb F

Which of the following is a pure red cell aplasia?

Diamond Black fan anemia

Haptoglobin may become depleted in:

Acute hemolytic anemia

A patient has a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dl. According to the rule of three, within what range would the hematocrit be expected?

21% - 27%

Which of the following is a cause of neutrophilia?

Acute bacterial infection

This form of hemoglobin has iron in the ferric state:

Methemoglobin

Identify the disorder: Presence of an IgG Biphasic Donath Landsteiner antibody with a P-specificity fixes complement to RBC in the cold temperature and lysis RBC when warmed

PCH (Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria)

Type of Red Cell shape variation associated with Abetalipoproteinemia:

Acanthocytes

Most common anticoagulant used in Hematology, especially

in blood film preparation:

EDTA

Which is the Second storage form of Iron that is NOT water soluble and is LESS readily available for utilization?

Hemosiderin

According to WHO, it is the most common anemia and is

estimated to affect 2 billion people worldwide:

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Which Dietary component(s) is/are needed for DNA synthesis, and thus greatly influence the red blood cell production?

Folic acid, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B12

Which of the following are the most characteristics of the Red Cell Indices associated with megaloblastic anemia?

MCV 125fL MCH 36pg MCHC 34%

The Prussian blue staining of PBS identifies:

Siderotic granules, Pappenheimer bodies

Which Red Cell inclusion may be seen in the PBS of a patient with Rh Null disease:

Stomatocytes

The morphological classification of anemias is based on which of the following:

RBC indices

The old principal confirmatory test in the diagnosis of Hereditary Spherocytosis is:

OF Test

Group of rare inherited disorders that involve a block in porphyrin synthesis due to defect in the enzymes or enzyme deficiency in the pathway of heme synthesis:

Porphyrias

What is the major iron transport protein in blood

Transferrin

Hb Bart is composed of:

4 gamma chains

Both deoxyhemoglobin S and deoxyhemoglobin C have a substitution in the same B-chain position. This substitution causes:

Decreased hemoglobin solubility

Which of the following is most characteristic of the peripheral blood picture in pure red cell aplasia?

Anemia

Hemolytic anemias caused by intrinsic erythrocyte

abnormalities include

Hereditary spherocytosis

What disorder is associated with erythrocytes that are

thermally unstable and fragment when heated at 45 to

46°C?

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

Microhematocrit results should be read within how many minutes of centrifugation?

10

Which of the following conditions is associated with the presence of hypersegmented neutrophils in the peripheral blood smear?

Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency

A schistocyte with one or more hornlike projections has

been identified as a:

Helmet cells

Hemoglobin migration pattern on cellulose acetate from point of application to anode is:

C and A2 < S < F < A

Acute monocytic leukemia is otherwise known as?

Schillings’s leukemia

Which of the following parameters is used to assess the RBC populations variation in size?

MCV

Alkaline denaturation and acid elution test detects the presence of what hemoglobin type?

F

The cell considered to be distinctive of Hodgkin’s disease:

Reed-Sternberg cells

A leukoerythroblastic reaction is characterized by thempresence of

_ in the peripheral blood:

Immature leukocytes and nucleated erythrocytes

Counting method of WBCs counted in consecutive fields as

the blood film is moved from side to side

Crenellation

Which of these physiologic errors in manual hemoglobin measurement can be corrected by adding of patient’s plasma to cyanmethemoglobin reagent and use this as a patient blank?

Lipemia

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is characterized by all of the

following

Hemorrhage, Thrombocytopenia, Hemoglobinuria

Also known as Rosenthal syndrome:

Hemophilia C = XI

In differentiating maturation stages of the megakaryocytic

cells, emphasis should be placed on the __

Cytoplasmic appearance

The etiological agents of leukemias can include

Ionizing radiation, Chemical exposure to benzene, Certain infectious agents

Thrombocytopenia in multiple blood transfusion is due to:

Dilution of the platelet count

A platelet determination was performed on an automated instrument and a very low value was obtained. The platelets appeared adequate when esteemed from the stained blood film. The best explanation for this discrepancy is:

Red cell fragments are present in the blood

Change in oxygen -hemoglobin dissociation curve in response to hypoxia

Haldane effect

In intravascular hemolysis, excess heme will bind to hemopexin to be delivered to tissue macrophages. In cases of depleted hemopexin, which of the following complexes is formed?

Methemalbumin

In differentiating Hemophilia A from von Willebrand's

disease, what result would be expected from both diseases in BT?

vWD is abnormal, hemophilia A is normal

Faggot cells are most commonly seen in?

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML M3)

It is necessary for maintaining vascular integrity and is responsible for the hydroxylation of lysine and proline

Ascorbate (vit. C)

A bleeding condition that is due to deficiency of ascorbic acid:

Scurvy

Describe the platelet characteristics in the Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (tiny platelets)

Small, lacks dense granules, and structurally

abnormal

What is the most common needle size for adult venipuncture

21-gauge, 1 inch

Allowing the tubes to stand longer than several minutes will

lead to ____ hematocrit findings

Increased

What would be the effect of hemolyzed specimen in PT measurements

Falsely shortened

What are the changes if hemostasis specimen is stored at

refrigerator?’

Premature activation of factor VII and XI,

Cryoprecipitation of large vWF multimers, and destruction of factor VIII

A prolonged tourniquet application will lead to coagulation test results

Falsely shortened

Effect of inflammatory conditions in vWF activity measurement:

Increased

Factors IX, X, VII, II requires vitamin K, which is essential for

the _____ of amino terminal glutamic acids.

Gamma carboxylation

It is caused by leakage of a small amount of blood in themtissue around the puncture site. The most common vascularmcomplication in venipuncture

Hematoma

Stage/s of granulocytes that is/are normally observed in the peripheral blood of a healthy individual

Segmented WBC, Band cells

Which of the following is true regarding to extravascular or macrophage mediated hemolysis?

Total serum bilirubin is increased

Increased APTT and PT would indicate a deficiency of:

Factor 1

Which of the following factor deficiency is associated with either NO bleeding or only minor bleeding tendency even after trauma or surgery?

Factor XII

Which coagulation factor is present in highest concentration

in plasma?

Factor I

What is the platelet estimate factor?

X 20,000

To evaluate normal platelet numbers in an appropriate areamof blood smear, approximately how many platelets, should bemobserved per oil immersion field?

8-20

The standard dilution factor used in microscopy in performing manual platelet count:

1:100

What is the platelet aggregation test for Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia?

Normal aggregation in ristocetin, ADP, Epinephrine and collagen

True about Immune thrombocytopenic purpura:

Due to platelet antibodies

The type of nuclear reproduction seen in megakaryocyte is:

Endomitosis

HMWK is also known as:

Fitzgerald

All of the following tests are affected by heparin therapy

Thrombin time, WBCLT, APTT

An abnormal thrombin time is associated with

Fibrinogen deficiency

The Duckert’s test is for what factor deficiency?

Factor XIII

The D-dimer test is a specific test for:

Plasmin degradation of fibrin (STABILIZED)

Which are inhibitor of coagulation?

Protein C, Anti-thrombin III/C, Heparin cofactor II

What is the main role of protein S in hemostasis?

Cofactor with protein C

Which of the following is the primary inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system?

Alpha 2 antiplasmin

The reagent in APTT contains which of the following substances?

Phospholipids, Activators, Calcium chloride

Antidote for overdose of Coumadin:

Vitamin K (+ FFP)

Reversal of heparin overdose can be achieved by administration of:

Protamine sulfate

Which is NOT a bleeding time method?

Dale and Laidlaw’s

In the Ivy method the bleeding time, the blood pressure cuff is inflated to:

40mmHg

What is the ratio of anticoagulant to blood for coagulation studies?

1:9

Which of the following anticoagulant of choice for most coagulation studies?

Citrate

Contact group factors:

Factor XI, XII, HMWK, PK

Coagulation factors affected by coumarin drugs:

Factor X, IX, II, VII

The prothrombin group of coagulation factor:

Vitamin K dependent

The fibrinogen group of coagulation:

Not vitamin K dependent

Which of the following factors binds to platelets via the gpIIb/IIIa receptor?

Fibrinogen

Bernard- Soulier syndrome is associated with:

Known as “Giant platelet Syndrome”, Thrombocytopenia and giant platelets

In DIC and ITP:

There is increased destruction of platelets

Bleeding disorders associated with vascular abnormality

Hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Scurvy, Senile purpura