MT - Lesson 4: Disease, Diagnoses, Treatment

Sepsis

Presence of harmful microorganisms or toxins in body.

Phagocytosis

process of cell ingesting waste and foreign materials

Immunity

Body's ability to resist disease.

causes of infectious diseases

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms

response to disease

inflammation, phagocytosis, immunity

signs of inflammation

redness, heat, swelling, pain

acute

sudden, severe; having a short course

benign

not recurrent or malignant; favorable for recovery; describing tumors that do not spread

carcinoma

a malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells

chronic

of long duration, progressing slowly

cyst

filled sac or pouch that is usually abnormal

etiology

cause of disease

gram stain

a laboratory staining procedure that divides bacteria into two groups: gram-positive, which stain blue, and gram-negative, which stain red

hernia

protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening, a rupture

inflammation

a localized response to tissue injury characterized by heat, pain, redness, and swelling

lesion

a distinct area of damaged tissue, an injury or wound

malignant

growing worse, harmful, tending to cause death, describing tumors that spread (metastasize)

metastasize

to spread from one part of the body to another; characteristic of cancer, noun metastasis

necrosis

death of tissue

neoplasm

abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue

parasite

an organism that grown on or in another organism (the host), causing damage to it

pathogen

an organism capable of causing disease

pus

a product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells

sarcoma

a malignant neoplasm arising from connective tissue

sepsis

the presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or other tissues

toxin

poison

trauma

A physical or psychological wound or injury

carcin/o

cancer, carcinoma

carcinogen

substance that produces cancer

lithiasis

stone formation

onc/o

tumor

oncogene

gene that causes tumor

path/o

disease

pathogen

organism capable of causing disease

py/o

pus

pyocyst

a sac or cyst containing pus

pyr/o, pyret/o

fever, fire

pyretic

pertaining to fever

scler/o

hard

sclerosis

hardening of tissue

tox/o, toxic/o

poison

exotoxin

toxin secreted by bacterial cells

brady-

slow

bradypnea

slow breathing

dys-

abnormal, difficult, painful

dysplasia

abnormal development of tissue

mal-

bad, poor

maladaptive

poorly suited to a specific use or to the environment

pachy-

thick

pachyemia

thickness of the blood

tachy-

fast, rapid

tachycardia

rapid heart rate

xero-

dry

xerosis

dryness of the skin or membranes

-algia, -algesia

pain

myalgia

pain in the muscle

-cele

hernia, localized dilation

hydrocele

localized dilation containing fluid

-clasis, -clasia

breaking

osteoclasis

breaking of a bone

-itis

inflammation

meningitis

inflammation of the membranes around the brain

-megaly

enlargement

hepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver

-odynia

pain

urodynia

pain on urination

-oma

tumor

blastoma

tumor of immature cells

-pathy

any disease of

cardiopathy

any disease of the heart

-rhage, -rhagia

bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage

hemorrhage

profuse flow of blood

-rhea

flow, discharge

mucorrhea

discharge of mucus

-rhexis

rupture

amniorrhexis

rupture of the amniotic sac (bag of waters)

-schisis

fissure, splitting

retinoschisis

splitting of the retina of the eye

dilation, dilatation

expansion, widening

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels

ectasia, ectasis

dilation

bronchiectasis

chronic dilation of a bronchus

edema

accumulation of fluid, swelling

lymphedema

swelling of tissue as a result of lymphatic blockage

lysis

separation; destruction; loosening

dialysis

separation of substances by passage through a membrane

malacia

softening

splenomalacia

softening of the spleen

necrosis

death of

osteonecrosis

death of bone tissue

ptosis

dropping, downward displacement, prolapse

blepharoptosis

drooping of the eyelid (commonly called ptosis)

spasm

sudden contraction, cramp

stasis

suppression, stoppage

menostasis

suppression of menstrual flow

stenosis

narrowing, constriction

arteriostenosis

narrowing of an artery

staphyl/o

grapelike clusters

staphylococcus

a round bacterium that forms clusters

strept/o

twisted chains