AP Bio Chapter 6 Study Guide: A tour of the cell

Microfilaments

Pseudopodia, contraction, organelle anchor

Microtubules

Organelle tracks, cilia, flagella, come from centrosomes, cell structure

Intermediate filaments

Strong structure

Plasmodesmata equivalent in animal cells

Gap junction

Types of cell junctions

tight junctions, gap junctions, demosomes

Protein that connects ECM to plasma membrane

Fibronectin

What is ECM made of?

Cellulose with proteoglycan structure

Thing between primary and secondary cell walls

plasma membrane

receptors on plasma membrane

integrins

cytoplasm channel between two plant cells

plasmodesmata

characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts

2 membranes, DNA, free ribosomes, can replicate themselves

organelles that plant and animal cells don’t have in common

centrosomes

cytology

study of cells

What does a TEM show?

slice - internal structure

What does an SEM show?

3D structures

advantages of light microscopy over TEM and SEM

allows you to study living cells

function of smooth ER

makes lipids, calcium, carbohydrates, and detoxifies

function of rough ER

makes membranes and proteins for secretion

parts of a mitochondrion

outer membrane, inner membrane, mitochondrial matrix, DNA, ribosomes, cristae (folds)

Parts of a chloroplast

chlorophyll (green pigment), thylakoids arranged in granum connected by intergranular lamella, surrounded by stroma, DNA & ribosomes

Resolution of a microscope refers to

the sharpness or clarity of an image

the detailed structure of a chloroplast can be seen with the best resolution by using

TEM

in an animal cell fractionation procedure, one of the last pellets from the series of centrifugations would most likely contain

ribosomes (they are smallest)

what is NOT found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

The cells of an ant and elephant are the same size, but an elephant has more. What are the advantages of having many small cells instead of a few large ones?

Each cell can do more because it has high surface area relative to volume

Proteins that function within the cytosol are generally synthesized in

free ribosomes

A plant cell grows by

absorbing water into its central vacuole

the contractile elements of muscles are

microfilaments a.k.a. actin filaments

what pinches cells apart during cell division?

microfilaments

the innermost portion of a cell wall specialized for support

secondary cell wall

Order of plant cell walls

plasma membrane, secondary, primary

In which cells would you expect to find the most watertight junctions - muscle cells, pancreatic cells that manufacture digestive enzymes, bacteria eaters, cells lining the digestive tract, or ovarian cells that produce estrogen

digestive tract

In which cells would you expect to find the most lysosomes - muscle cells, pancreatic cells that manufacture digestive enzymes, bacteria eaters, cells lining the digestive tract, or ovarian cells that produce estrogen

bacteria eaters

In which cells would you expect to find the most smooth ER - muscle cells, pancreatic cells that manufacture digestive enzymes, bacteria eaters, cells lining the digestive tract, or ovarian cells that produce estrogen

ovarian cells that produce estrogen

In which cells would you expect to find the most bound ribosomes - muscle cells, pancreatic cells that manufacture digestive enzymes, bacteria eaters, cells lining the digestive tract, or ovarian cells that produce estrogen

pancreatic cells that manufacture digestive enzymes - rough ER makes secretory proteins

In which cells would you expect to find the most mitochondria - muscle cells, pancreatic cells that manufacture digestive enzymes, bacteria eaters, cells lining the digestive tract, or ovarian cells that produce estrogen

muscle cells

cell division

centrosome & microfibrils

amyloplast

plant plastid that makes, breaks, and stores starch