Bio Final Exam

which 6 elements are the main chemical building blocks of life?

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur (chonps)

What are the four macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

What is the basic component of a molecule/ element?

an atom

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?

covalent bond

What type of bond is formed when electrons are accepted or donated?

ionic bond

What type of bond is important in a water molecule?

a hydrogen bond

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest?

covalent bond

Which parts of a plant cell are not found in animal cells?

cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole, and a plasmodesmata

What is movement from an area of low concentration to high concentration called?

active transport

What is movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration called?

diffusion

What are the reactants in a photosynthesis equation?

carbon dioxide, water, and light energy

What are the products in the photosynthesis equation?

sugar and oxygen

What are the byproducts in the photosynthesis equation?

oxygen

What is the definition of hypothesis

a testable, tentative explanation for an observed phenomena, based on existing knowledge or theories, serving as a prediction to be tested through research.

How to define a hypothesis.

Look for if/then statements

What is evolution?

Also known as descent with modification, is the change in heritable phenotype traits of biological populations over successive generations.

What is the sequence of Linnaean taxonomy?

Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia; Order Primates; Family Hominidae; Genus Homo; Species Homo sapiens.

Know how a scientific name is properly written, including capitalization and italics.

Use italics or underlined if handwritten. Written in latin with the Genus capitalized, the species in lower case. Entire name italicized.

How many pairs of autosomes are present in a typical human somatic (body) cell?

22 pairs

How many pairs of sex chromosomes in a human body?

1 pair

What are the 6 stages of the mitosis cell cycle, in order?

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

What is the longest stage of mitosis?

prophase

Which cell division process produces a haploid cell?

Meiosis

Which cell division process produces a diploid cell?

mitosis

Which three macromolecules are involved in gene expression?

DNA, RNA, and proteins

What is the correct sequence of information flow from molecule to molecule?

dna to rna to protein

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

They breakdown dead organisms and nutrient release.

What do primary consumers eat>

Plants

What do secondary consumers eat?

Plants and animals

What are the three major groups of autotrophs that perform photosynthesis?

plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.

What is the relationship between a species and the population of a species?

Species is a broad fundamental biological unit compromising all organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring whereas population is a specific subset of that species, defined as a group of individuals living in a particular area at the same time.

What is the sequence for the levels of ecological organization from smallest to largest?

individuals> population> community> ecosystem> biosphere.

What is the definition of carrying capacity?

(K) is the maximum number of individuals for a particular species that the environment can “carry” or sustain.

What are the three uses of the word species?

Definition- a group of organisms that may interbreed and produce offspring that is also capable of reproducing the same kind.

Used in taxonomy to name organisms

The second part of bionomenclature