Comprehensive Vocabulary and Structure Review for 2026 Graduation & Competency Assessment

Flashcards covering essential and advanced vocabulary (B1 to C2), common collocations, and phrasal verbs extracted from the 2026 academic preparation materials.

adulthood

the stage of being fully grown or mature; equivalent to maturity.

advanced

highly developed or complex; sophisticated or cutting-edge.

ambitious

having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed; aspiring.

assistance

the action of helping someone with a job or task; support or help.

bypass

to avoid a place or area by going around it; to circumvent.

competence

the ability to do something successfully or efficiently; capability.

compulsive

resulting from or relating to an irresistible urge.

consistency

the quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way; steadfastness.

demanding

requiring much time, effort, or attention; challenging or taxing.

distribution

the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients; allocation.

emergence

the process of coming into being, or becoming important or prominent; rise.

ethically

in a way that relates to moral principles; morally.

evolve

to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.

frustrated

feeling annoyed or less confident because you cannot achieve what you want.

genuine

truly what something is said to be; authentic, real, or sincere.

ignorance

lack of knowledge, information, or education.

infrastructure

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society.

innovation

the action or process of innovating; creativity or novelty.

plagiarism

the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

sustainability

the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; ecological balance.

verify

to make sure or demonstrate that something is true, accurate, or justified; confirm.

vulnerable

susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm; fragile.

contaminate

to make something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance; pollute.

degradation

the process of a condition or quality becoming worse; deterioration.

dweller

a person or animal that lives in or at a specified place; inhabitant.

eco-conscious

showing concern for the environment and an understanding of the effects of human activity on it.

microplastic

extremely small pieces of plastic debris in the environment resulting from the disposal and breakdown of consumer products.

resilience

the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

upcycling

the act of reuse of discarded objects or material in such a way as to create a product of higher quality or value than the original.

self-esteem

confidence in one's own worth or abilities; self-respect.

captivity

the condition of being imprisoned or confined.

replicate

to make an exact copy of; to reproduce or duplicate.

procrastination

the action of delaying or postponing something.

exacerbate

to make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse; aggravate.

accountability

the fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.

self-compassion

being kind and understanding towards oneself in instances of pain or failure.

eroded

gradually worn away or destroyed.

cognitive

relating to the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding.

empower

to give someone the authority or power to do something; enable.

redemption

the action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil; salvation.

catastrophe

an event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering; disaster.

dwindling

gradually diminishing in size, amount, or strength.

finite

having limits or bounds; limited.

intermittency

occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady.

relentless

oppressively constant; incessant or persistent.

scalability

the capacity to be changed in size or scale; expandability.

unprecedented

never done or known before; unparalleled.

gratification

pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire.

obsolete

no longer produced or used; out of date or old-fashioned.

vibrant

full of energy and enthusiasm; lively or exciting.

absorbed in something

deeply interested or involved in an activity; captivated.

take something for granted

to fail to properly appreciate something because of over-familiarity.

come down with

to become sick with a specific illness, such as the flu.

get rid of

to eliminate or throw something away.

look up to

to respect or admire someone.

make up for

to compensate for something lost or forgotten or for a mistake.