Anatomy Lab 1 and 2

Sagittal

right and left

Transversal/Axial

top and bottom

Frontal

front and back

Deep

further from surface

Superficial

closer to surface

Superior

towards head, away from head

Inferior

away from head

proximal

close

distal

far

medial

close to center

lateral

far from center

Anterior

towards front

Posterior

towards back

ventral

underside

dorsal

upperside

supine

lying on back

prone

lying on abdomen

flexion

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between bones

extension

straightening joint to increase the angle between bones

Abduction

Moving a body part outward, away from the body's midline

Adduction

Moving a body part inwards, towards the body's midline

Pronation

Turning the forearm so the palm faces downward or backward

Only for forearm

Supination

rotating forearm so the palm faces upward or forward

only for forearm

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward, towards the midline

only for ankle

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline

only for ankle

Dorsiflexion

Bending the foot upward, toward the shin

only for ankle

PlantarflexionPlantarflexion

Pointing the toes downwards, like pressing a gas pedal

only for ankle

Elevation

Moving a body part upward, such as shrugging the shoulders

Depression

moving body part downwards

Protraction

Moving a body part forward, like thrusting the jaw outward

Retraction

pulling body part backwards

Medial/internal Rotation

Pivoting a limb around its long axis so the anterior surface moves toward the midline

Lateral/external:

Pivoting a limb so the anterior surface moves away from the midline