Apush 1491-1607

Diversity and Adaptability

Native American societies were highly diverse, adapting to varied environments across the continent.

Pueblo

Native American society in the Southwest known for their arid climate, irrigation systems, and adobe structures.

Nomadic

A lifestyle characterized by moving from place to place, as seen in Great Plains cultures like the Lakota and Cheyenne who relied on buffalo.

Iroquois

A Native American group in the Northeast, known for mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies and permanent villages.

Cahokia

A sophisticated urban center in the Mississippi River Valley with monumental earthworks.

Technological Advancements

New maritime technologies, like the caravel and astrolabe, that facilitated European exploration.

The Three G's

Motivations for European exploration: God (spread Christianity), Gold (wealth), and Glory (national prestige).

Christopher Columbus

Key explorer from Spain in 1492 who initiated European exploration of the Americas.

The Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the New World and the Old World.

Impact of Diseases

Europeans brought diseases like smallpox to the Americas, leading to catastrophic population decline among Native Americans.

Encomienda System

A labor system where Spanish colonists were granted authority over Native Americans for labor in exchange for protection and Christianization.

Casta System

A rigid social hierarchy established by the Spanish based on racial purity.

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

A successful uprising by Pueblo people against Spanish rule demonstrating resistance to forced conversion and labor.

Mission System

Spanish attempts to convert Native Americans to Catholicism through established missions.

Trade Networks

Systems established by the French with Native Americans for the fur trade, fostering cooperative relationships.

New Netherland

A Dutch colony established in present-day New York, focused on trade, particularly furs.

Sir Walter Raleigh

The person behind the early English colonization attempt at Roanoke Island, known as the 'Lost Colony'.

Comparison of European Powers

Different European powers developed distinct colonial patterns based on economic interests and approaches to Native American relations.