6 - Reflex regulation of the physiological functions. Type of reflexes according to the mechanism of formation and the characteristics of the involved reflex arc.

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Last updated 12:01 PM on 5/15/26
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14 Terms

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sections

what is reflex

reflex arc is comprised of

types of reflexes

main types of reflex systems

tendon reflexes

withdrawal reflexes

somato-somatic reflex

somato-visceral reflex

viscero-somatic reflex

viscero-visceral reflex

hyporeflexia

hyperreflexia

areflexia

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what is reflex

  • A quick unconscious response from internal or external stimulus- protects/adapts body to change taken place

  • A reflex arc

  • Starts with stimulation of the sensory neurones.

  • This enables the next neurones to pass on the information to the muscles or glands required.

  • Some reflexes have a Coordination centre within the brain and spinal cord prior to stimulation of the motor nerve.

  • The brain modulates reflexes.

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reflex arc is comprised of

  1. Sensory cells, - receptor

  2. Afferent neuron

  3. Synapse

  4. Nerve centre*

  5. Efferent neuron

  6. In some cases Neuromuscular junction → muscle

  7. Effectors- muscle or gland. – reflex action

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types of reflexes

  • Unconditioned-innate- protection

  • Conditioned - developed from unconditional reflexes

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main types of reflex systems

  1. Autonomic reflexes:

    • Mainly involve internal organs --smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells

    • inhibit or stimulate the cells and glands.

  2. Somatic reflexes:

    • Involved in reflex controls of skeletal muscles- voluntary

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tendon reflexes

They're the quick, involuntary muscle jerks that happen when a tendon gets tapped. (e.g Patellar reflex, Achilles reflex)

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withdrawal reflexes

part of the autonomic reflexes. E.g. hot object, quick retraction from hot surface.

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somato-somatic reflex

plantar reflex

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somato-visceral reflex

oculocardial reflex – if pressure applied on eyes, heart rate decreases

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viscero-somatic reflex

abdominal wall rigidity

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viscero-visceral reflex

pressor reflex---( reflex that constricts arterioles (small blood vessels) and thereby increases the blood pressure.

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hyporeflexia

decreased reflex response

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hyperreflexia

– exaggerated reflex response

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areflexia

absence of reflexes