trimester science1

What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?

Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance, while extensive properties do depend on the amount.

Who is credited with the first atomic model and what does it propose?

Democritus proposed that matter is composed of indivisible atoms.

What are the main differences between Bohr and Rutherford's atom models?

Bohr's model includes fixed electron orbits around the nucleus, while Rutherford's model has electrons moving in a cloud around a dense nucleus.

What was Dalton's main discovery?

Dalton's main discovery was the atomic theory, which states that matter is made up of atoms, which are indivisible and can combine in whole number ratios.

What were the details of Thomson's experiment?

Thomson's experiment used cathode rays to discover the electron, leading to the plum pudding model of the atom.

What were the details of Rutherford's experiment?

Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed that an atom has a small, dense nucleus, leading to the nuclear model of the atom.

Which particles affect atomic mass?

Protons and neutrons affect atomic mass.

What are the parts and arrangement of the modern atom?

The modern atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons arranged in shells around it.

What are the charge, location, and mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Protons have a positive charge, are located in the nucleus, and have a mass of about 1 amu; neutrons have no charge, are also in the nucleus, and have about 1 amu; electrons have a negative charge, are found in orbitals around the nucleus, and have negligible mass.

What were Curie's contributions to the atomic model?

Curie conducted pioneering research on radioactivity and discovered the elements polonium and radium.

What are the names of rows and columns on the periodic table?

Rows are called periods, and columns are called groups or families.

How can you calculate the net charge of an atom?

Net charge = number of protons - number of electrons.

How do protons affect the type of atom present?

The number of protons determines the atomic number and the identity of the element.

How do neutrons affect the type of atom present?

Neutrons affect the isotope of the element but do not change its identity.

How did Mosley arrange his periodic table?

Mosley arranged the periodic table by increasing atomic number.

How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table?

Mendeleev arranged his periodic table by increasing atomic mass and grouped elements with similar properties.

Where are different types of elements located on the periodic table?

Metals are on the left, nonmetals on the right, and metalloids are along the zig-zag line.

What was Lavoisier's work with iron and iron oxide?

Lavoisier's work established the law of conservation of mass and helped identify the process of oxidation in iron.

How can you predict the most common isotope of an atom based on atomic mass?

The most common isotope is usually the one that corresponds to the nearest whole number of the atomic mass.

What is the ratio of gases produced when electrolysis of water occurs?

The ratio is 2:1, with two volumes of hydrogen produced for every one volume of oxygen.

How does adding or removing atoms affect the net charge of an atom?

Adding electrons makes the atom negatively charged, while removing electrons makes it positively charged.

How do we name isotopes?

Isotopes are named by the element followed by the mass number (e.g., Carbon-14).

What is the method for balancing chemical equations?

Chemical equations are balanced by ensuring the same number of each type of atom appears on both sides of the equation.

What is the correct way to draw an electron shell diagram?

Draw concentric circles around the nucleus, placing electrons in the shells according to the maximum capacity.

How many electrons fit in each shell of an electron shell diagram?

2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, 18 in the third, and so on, following the formula 2n².

What is a Lewis Dot Diagram?

A diagram that shows the bonds between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons in a molecule.

Why are Helium and Hydrogen placed in their respective groups?

Helium is placed in Group 18 as a noble gas, while Hydrogen is in Group 1 due to its single electron.

What kinds of ions will an atom form based on its location on the periodic table?

Atoms on the left form cations (positive ions), while atoms on the right tend to form anions (negative ions).

How to identify an atom in noble gas configuration?

An atom is in noble gas configuration if its electron configuration matches that of the nearest noble gas.

How can you determine the relative reactivity of an element based on its electron configuration?

Elements closer to having a complete octet are less reactive, while those further away are more reactive.