KAAP400 - exam 3: basic stats

what is the characteristic of a person, place or thing that can assume more than 1 value?

variable

blood lactate concentration, reaction time, age and height/weight are examples of what?

variables

what is one that can be any value assuming infinite precision in the measurement and no disruption of the scale?

continuous variable

mass and time are examples of what types of variables?

continuous

what involves limits often represented as a whole number or integer such as heart beats per minute or number of people?

discrete variable

what involves mutually exclusive categories of data and can be represented by categorical data?

nominal scales

what type of data is typically the independent variable in a study?

categorical

What is the number of events or occurrences such as the number of people aged 18-30 and can often be displayed with the time frequency histogram?

frequency data

What gives the quantitative order of datat but without a fixed metric between values?

rank order scale

what is the equal units of measurement but without an absolute zero point but can have a value less than 0?

interval scale

what is based on order and equal distance between points with 0 indicating the absence of a value?

ratio scale

What is used to protect data from in statistics?

median

what is the middle point of data?

median

in statistics, what is the representation of the most frequent value?

mode

what is the estimate of spread of scores away from the mean?

standard deviation

what are the 3 common measures of central tendency?

mean, median, mode

what is the estimate of how far the sample mean is from the population mean?

standard error

what is rarely used in study analysis found by SD²?

variance

what is the difference between high and low scores?

range

what type of test covers no assumption of normal distribution of data?

nonparametric tests

what occurs when most data values on a chart cluster in the middle of the range with a taper off symmetrically toward either side?

normal distribution

what is answered by the question of is the relationship or difference in data real?

significance of effect

what is answered by the question of given a real difference, how strong is it?

meaningfulness of effect

what is represented by a bell shaped curve under the assumptions of normal distributions, equal variance and independent observations?

parametric tests

what is the asymmetrical probability of distribution when data is clustered either to the right or left rather than in the middle?

skewness

what is represented by either a sharp or flat peak within data distribution?

kurtosis

What type of error occurs when rejecting the null hypothesis when a condition may have resulted in a positive test but the condition isn’t actually present?

type 1 error

what is accepting a false null hypothesis where the test shows a false condition when the condition is actually present?

type 2 error

what hypothesis testing type is shown from no relationship or no difference for purpose of statistical testing?

null hypothesis

what is the expected outcome of research based on previous research or experince?

research hypothesis

what is the results being incorrect due to chance is calculated based on data collected?

probability

what is a factor that is important to consider and a researcher must determine how much of this they are willing to accept?

statistical error

within a normal distribution curve, what is the percent of a population that falls within ±1 SD away from the mean?

68

within a normal distribution curve, what is the percent of a population that falls within ±2 SD away from the mean?

95

within a normal distribution curve, what is the percent of a population that falls within ±3 SD away from the mean?

99