Roman Republic

Autocracy

A system of government where power is centralized in one ruler, often hereditary and maintained through military force.

Oligarchy

A government structure governed by a small group of the wealthy elite.

Direct Democracy

A form of democracy in which all citizens vote directly on laws and policies.

Republic/Representative Democracy

A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Theocracy

A government system where religious leaders hold political power and laws are based on religious doctrine.

Anarchy

The absence of government and political authority.

Ancient Athens

A city-state that developed a direct democracy, allowing citizens to vote on laws and policies.

Roman Republic

A governance system with elected representatives (Senators) and checks and balances between social classes.

Modern USA

Functions as a representative democracy with elected officials creating laws through Congress, the President, and courts.

Lottery System for Government Officials

A method that can reduce corruption and improve representation but may lead to less qualified individuals in office.

Monarchy

Rule by a single leader based on heritage.

Tyranny

Rule by an individual who seized power unconstitutionally.

Ostracism

A procedure in Athenian government to exile citizens considered a threat.

Draco

An Athenian lawmaker known for his harsh legal code.

Law of the 12 Tables

The early codification of Roman law.

Cincinnatus

An example of civic duty; known for his leadership during a crisis without seeking power.

Plebeians

Commoners in Ancient Rome who fought for political rights against the Patricians.

Patricians

The aristocracy and ruling class in Ancient Rome.

1st & 2nd Triumvirate

Political alliances among powerful leaders in Ancient Rome, namely Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

Key terms in Athenian Government

Include Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, and Democracy emphasizing equal participation.

Participation in Athenian Government

Limited to free male citizens, excluding women, foreigners, and slaves.

What is a Republic?

A form of government where representatives are elected to create laws and policies.