Science year 7

Cell

The smallest unit of life

Microscope

A tool used to magnify tiny objects

Nucleus

Brain of the cell

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance where reactions happen

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cell wall

Rigid outer layer in plant cells for support

Chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Vacuole

Stores water and cell sap in plant cells

Mitochondria

Releases energy through respiration

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together

Organ

A structure made of tissues working together

Organ system

A group of organs working together

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high to low concentration

Unicellular

Made of one cell

Multicellular

Made of many cells

Specialized cell

A cell adapted for a specific function

Ecosystem

A community of organisms and their enviornment

Habitat

The place where an organism lives

Population

All organisms of one species in an area

Community

Different populations living together

Producer

An organism that makes its own food

Consumer

An organism that eats other organisms

Predator

An animal that hurts another animal

Prey

An animal hunted by another animal

Food chain

Shows feeding relationships

Food web

Interconnected food chains

Photosynthesis

Process plants use to make food using sunlight

Decomposer

Organism that breaks down dead material

Adaptation

A feature helping survival

Competition

Organisms fighting for resources

Extinction

When a species completely dies out

Enviornment

Surrounding where organisms live

Particle

Tiny piece of matter

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Solid

State with fixed shape and volume

Liquid

Stats with fixed volume but no fixed shape

Gas

State with no fixed shape or volume

Melting

Solid to liquid

Freezing

Liquid to solid

Evaporation

Liquid to gas

Condensation

Gas to liquid

Boiling

Rapid evaporation throughout a liquid

Density

Mass per unit volume

Compressible

Able to be squashed into a smaller space

Arrangement

How particles are organized

Vibration

Back-to-forth movement of particles

Mixture

Two or more substances not chemically joined

Pure substance

A single substance only

Solution

A mixture formed when a solute dissolves

Solute

Substance that dissolves

Solvent

Liquid that dissolves the solute

Dissolve

To mix completely into a liquid

Filtration

Separating insoluble solids from liquids

Evaporation

Removing liquid by heating

Distillation

Separating liquids using boiling points

Chromatography

Separating substances based on movement

Insoluble

Can’t dissolve

Soluble

Can dissolve

Residue

Solid left after filtration

Filtrate

Liquid that passes through filter paper

Saturated solution

A solution that cannot dissolve more solute

Atom

Smallest particles of an element

Element

Substance made from one type of atom

Compound

Substance for end when elements chemically combine

Molecule

Two or more atoms joined together

Periodic table

Chart of all known elements

Chemical reaction

Process where new substances form

Mixture

Substances physically combined

Symbol

Short form of an element name

Metal

Element that’s shiny and conducts heat and electricity

Non-metal

Element without metallic properties

Proton

Positively charged particle in nucleus

Neutron

Neutral particle in nucleus

Electron

Negatively charged particle orbiting nucleus

Bond

Force holding atoms together

Force

A push or a pull

Gravity

Force pulling objects toward earth

Friction

Force resisting movement

Air resistance

Friction caused by air

Newton

Unit used to measure force

Mass

Amount of matter in an object

Weight

Force caused by gravity acting on mass

Balanced forces

Equal forces causing no change in motion

Unbalanced forces

Forces causing movement change

Speed

Distance travels per unit time

Contact force

Force require touching

Non-contact force

Force acting without touching

Upthrust

Upward force from fluids

Magnetism

Force caused by magnets

Drag

Force slowing an object moving fluid

Sound

Energy made by vibrations

Vibration

Rapid back-and-forth movement

Pitch

How high or low a sound is

Volume

Loudness of a sound

Frequency

Number of vibrations per second

Amplitude

Height of a wave

Sound wave

Wave carrying sound energy

Medium

Substance sound travels through

Echo

Reflected sound

Vacuum

Space with no particles