unit 5 : cell differentiation and mitosis/ cell division

What is a stem cell?

Special human cells that are able to develop into many different cell types

What is a specialized cell?

Cells with unique structures and functions in the body. Specialized cells work together in groups to form different tissue types, such as muscle tissue or nervous tissues.

The process of a stem cell becoming a specialized cell is called

Differentiation

how does differentiation happen?

Particular proteins that are formed, will modify the cell by changing its structure and controlling the process. The process involves chemical changes to the DNA in which certain genes are permanently turned on or off.

What causes different specialized cells to have different structures and functions?

During differentiation environmental cues cause changes in protein synthesis, which turns genes on or off

What is mitosis/cell division(in somatic cells)?

The process by which a cell replicate its chromosomes and segregates them producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division. (2 daughter cells)

How does mitosis/cell division lead to growth of an organism?

One cell divides into two cells that are genetically identical to each other

How does mitosis/cell division lead to healing of an injury?

Produce new cells that are genetically identical to each other, filling gaps and damaged tissues, and enabling the tissue to function properly again

Why does mitosis/cell division have to continue through our whole lives?

It helps the development of embryos and helped her body grow also to repair the body or replace cells that have died

A human somatic parent cell contains 46 chromosomes and it goes through mitosis/cell division how many daughter cells and chromosomes will each be produced

One round mitosis causes two daughter cells and 46 chromosomes

During interphase, why does the cell have to grow duplicate its DNA and grow again?

So that each daughter, cell will have its own chromosome and be genetically identical to the parent cell and at the same time will have the same size

How might stem cell therapy someday help a person who needs an organ transplant?

Regenerating organ functions like if a person has a heart disease stem cells can be injected into the heart muscle to help repair tissue