HNF 150 Final Exam

What is nutrient density?

Foods high in nutrients but low in calories.

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.

How many kcal per gram do carbohydrates yield?

4 kcal/g.

What are whole foods?

Foods that are minimally processed.

What is the difference between enriched and fortified foods?

Enriched foods have nutrients added back after processing; fortified foods have nutrients added that weren't originally present.

What does the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of RDA represent?

Recommended Dietary Allowance meets 97-98% of nutrient needs.

Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?

In the small intestine.

What are monosaccharides and give examples?

Simple carbohydrates like glucose and fructose.

What is the function of HDL cholesterol?

Removes cholesterol from arteries, protecting the heart.

What vitamins are fat-soluble?

A, D, E, K.

What is a major mineral and its function?

Calcium, which strengthens bones.

What can low birth weight in babies be caused by?

Poor diet, smoking, alcohol.

What is the role of folic acid during pregnancy?

Prevents neural tube defects.

What is atherosclerosis?

Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup.

What are trace minerals and name one?

Needed in tiny amounts; for example, iron.

What are complex carbohydrates?

Starch and fiber found in foods like bread and beans.