CANINE BREEDS 2A

intro

 Development of Breeds Dogs display the greatest degree of variation of characteristics than any other domestic animals

•  CKC recognizes 175 different breeds of dogs 

• but 340 dog breeds around the world are recognized by the World K9 organization.

 Size, shape, haircoat, color

Historically

• Years ago, if they could not work - they were of no use to the family

•  Less concern about physical appearance, more concern on physical ability (now times have changed)

 Used for:

•  Herding 

• Rescue 

• Hunting/ retrieving

Canine Breed Groups cause

These breeds are the result of generations of careful breeding to select for certain traits and eliminate others

•  Purebred dogs are classified by breed groups which reflect their working ancestors.

•  Based on physical and behavioral traits Understand general similarities

 7 different groups:

• Sporting 

• Hounds

• Working

• Terriers 

• Toy

•  Non-sporting

•  Herding

 Group 1: Sporting Dogs

 Developed to assist bird hunter in the field

 Hunt by three primary means:

•  Quartering - search for game by crossing back and forth in front of the hunter in search of birds, then freeze into a pointing position.

•  Flushing - spring about in heavy cover in order to force hidden birds to fly out.

• Marking - the dog will locate and remember the location of one bird while retrieving another

• Once birds have been shot, the dog will ‘retrieve’ the bird for the hunter

Characteristics:

•  Friendly, playful, not especially protective

•  High energy

•  High trainability

•  Soft mouth

•  Variety of coats 

Examples: 

• pointer (German short or long haired) 

• Retriever Chesapeake Bay

•  Golden Retriever

•  Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

•  English Setter 

• Irish Setter

•  American / English Cocker Spaniel

•  Brittany Spaniel 

• Weimaraner

•  Labrador Retriever

Group 2: Hounds

•  Very social with people and other dogs

•  Not protective

•  Moderate energy (can tend to roam)

•  Moderate trainability

 Scent hounds - vocal! 

Sighthounds - reserved, placid, quiet personality when well exercised.

 Characteristics:

Scent:

•  Developed for keen sense of smell

•  Independent

•  Strong chase instinct 

• Adaptable Bold Social 

• Bay and raise voice in song!

•  Difficult to train (too busy sniffin’!) 

Sight:

•  ‘Course’ 

• Tall, lean - gaze the horizon for signs of game

•  Little body fat ... anesthesia beware!!! 

• Swiftest canines 

• Quiet Bark acts as an alarm

•  Can be difficult to train 

History

• Short, smooth coat 

• Sighthounds - to prevent overheating

• Scent hounds - to protect from environmental damage

• Historically lived in kennels and hunted in packs

• Active and good with other dogs

Hounds examples:

• Afghan Hound 

•  Basenji 

•  Basset Hound 

• Beagle 

• Bloodhound

• Coonhound (Black & Tan) 

• Dachshund (Miniature Long-Haired,  Smooth, Wire-Haired and Standard Smooth) 

•  Finnish Spitz 

• Foxhound (American and English)

• Greyhound 

• Ibizan Hound

• Irish Wolfhound 

• Rhodesian Ridgeback and Whippet

2 Classifications: of hounds

 Sighthounds - tall, long slim legs, narrow head, deep chests

 Scent Hounds - bred to track, squarely built with long, pendulous ear

Group 3: Working Dogs

• Bred to work for their family

• Guarding (humans or livestock)

• Water tasks for fishermen and sailors

• ‘Drafting’ - pulling carts or sleds

Appearance varies depending on purpose and region

• Highly trainable due to desire to work

• Thrive on mental stimulation and challenging activity

• Loyal, protective, territorial

• Boredom is not well tolerated … 

Working dog examples

Akita                                                               Mastiff

Alaskan Malamute                                          Neapolitan Mastiff 

Bernese Mountain Dog                                     Newfoundlander

Boxer                                                               Portuguese Water Dog

Bullmastiff Canadian Eskimo Dog                    Rottweiler

 Doberman Pinscher                                         Saint Bernard

Great Dane                                                       Samoyed

Great Pyrenees                                                 Schnauzer

Greater Swiss Mountain Dog                            Siberian Husky

Group 4: Terriers

• Square, muscular, athletic build

• Rough, wiry coat - protect from bites and scratches

• Fearless and assertive 

• Strong drive to catch and kill

• Active, athletic, playful, and friendly with people

• Requires early, consistent trainer from firm owner

Group 4: Terriers

Airedale Terrier 

American Staffordshire Terrier                           Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Bedlington Terrier                                               West Highland White Terrier

Bull Terrier                                                              Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier 

Cairn Terrier 

Fox Terrier (Smooth or wire haired) 

Irish Terrier 

Lakeland Terrier 

Schnauzer (Miniature) 

Scottish Terrier 

Skye Terrier

Group 5: Toy Dogs

• Bred strictly for looks and companionship

• Variety in appearance

• Many resemble larger working ancestor

• Royalty - status symbol

• Require exercise, training and mental challenges (often retain this from ancestors)

• Reputation of vocal and high energy is often due to lack of exercise and inconsistent training

• Long life span, less likely to roam

• Timid with strangers

Examples of Toy Dogs

American Eskimo Dog (Toy)                                       Pekingese

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel                                     Pomeranian 

Chihuahua (Long & Short Coat)                                  Pug

Chinese Crested Dog                                                    Poodle (toy)

English Toy Spaniel                                                 Silky Terrier

Griffon (Brussels)                                                        Yorkshire Terrier

Havanese       Shih tzu

Maltese

Miniature Pinscher

Papillon

Group 6: Non-Sporting Dogs

• Don’t fit well into other groups …

• Several were once working dogs (but moved to this category)

• Can still possess instincts from working ancestors 

Examples of Non-Sporting Dogs

American Eskimo Dog                                                      Standard/ mini Poodle

Bichon Frise                                                                      Shiba Inu

Boston Terrier                                                                   Coton de Tulear

Bulldog                                                                              Tibetan Terrier and Spaniel

Chinese Shar-Pei

Chow Chow

Dalmatian

French Bulldog

Schipperke 

Japanese or Finnish Spitz

Group 7: Herding Dogs

• Bred to assist farmers in moving livestock safely and efficiently from one place to another

• Can do the work of several people

• Quick to learn with inborn desire to take direction from human companion

• ‘Stalk’

• ‘Drive’ 

• ‘Heel’

• Wide range of appearance 

• Need to be kept busy

Examples of Herding Dogs

Australian Cattle Dog                                   Australian Kelpie

 Australian Shepherd                                    Border Collie 

Bearded Collie 

Belgian Shepherd Dog 

Berger des Pyrenees 

Bouvier des Flandres 

Collie (Rough & Smooth) 

German Shepherd Dog 

Iceland Sheepdog 

Old English Sheepdog 

Shetland Sheepdog 

Welsh Corgi (Cardigan)   or   Welsh Corgi (Pembroke)

Dog Breed Coat Textures and Lengths:

• Short Haired     (Pug, Beagle,or Rottweiler)

• Long Haired     (Yorkshire Terrier, Shih Tzu or English Sheepdog)

• Double Coated    (German Shepherd, Shelties or Husky)

• Heavy Coated  (ex. Newfoundlanders and Chow Chows)

• Smooth-Coated    (Boxers, French Bulldogs, Boston Terriers)

• Silky Coated    (Cocker Spaniel, Setter breeds)

• Wavy Coated    (Poodles, Bichon Frise)

• Wire Coated    (Irish Wolfhounds, Fox Terrier, Schnauzer