Unit 3:

De Jure Discrimination

"By law," refers to legally enforced practices, such as school segregation in the South before the 1960s

De Facto Discrimination

"By fact," refers to practices that occur even when there is no legal enforcement, such as school segregation in much of the U.S. today

Missouri Compromise

1820 law that allowed Missouri to enter the U.S. as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and banned slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of Missouri’s southern border

Dred Scott v. Sanford

1857, Supreme Court case ruling that African Americans could not be U.S. citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories

Underground Railroad

Network of individuals and secret houses that sheltered people as they made their way to free states

13th Amendment

Civil War Amendment, abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Civil War Amendment, guaranteed due process and equal protection

15th Amendment

Civil War Amendment, guaranteed voting rights for black men

Reconstruction

1866 - 1877, nation's first federal law promising all citizens equal protection and barring states from passing new discriminatory laws

Compromise of 1877