Science Day 2

everything you need to know for science day 2 on your test

Mitocondria what happens when it fails

Mitochondria (The Power Plant): If the cell's energy source fails, it can no longer produce ATP. This leads to extreme fatigue, muscle weakness, and diseases like MELAS syndrome.

Nucleas what happens when it fails

Nucleus (City Hall): If the nucleus fails, it stops issuing commands and cannot produce ribosomes. The cell loses its blueprint for life, halting protein production and cell division.

Lysosomes what happens when it fails

Lysosomes (Waste Management): If these cleanup crews fail, toxic waste and old cell parts build up. This triggers severe conditions known as lysosomal storage diseases, such as Tay-Sachs.

Ribosomes what happens when it fails

Ribosomes (The Factories): If ribosomes fail, the cell is deprived of vital proteins needed for growth, repair, and chemical reactions.

ER what happens when it fails

Endoplasmic Reticulum (The Postal/Production System): If the ER fails, proteins are improperly folded or fail to reach their destinations. This causes a buildup of misfolded proteins, resulting in "ER stress" and cell death.

Golgi Apparatus what happens when it fails

Golgi Apparatus (The Shipping Department): If the Golgi fails, proteins cannot be sorted or shipped. The cell starves for essential materials or cannot export needed chemicals to other parts of the body.

Cell Membrane what happens when it fails

Cell Membrane (Security & Border Patrol): If the membrane ruptures or fails, harmful pathogens easily enter, and essential fluids and ions leak out. The cell will quickly lose homeostasis and die.

Chloroplast what happens when it fails

Chloroplasts (Plant Food Factories): If these fail in plants, the cell can no longer convert sunlight into sugar. The plant will starve, lose its ability to grow, and eventually perish.

Vacuole what happens when it fails

Vacuoles (Storage Tanks): If these fail, the cell struggles to balance water pressure or store nutrients, leading to structural collapse and toxic waste accumulation

What Organelles are found strictly in plants:

Cell Wall and Chroloplast

Autotroph

Organisms making their own food using light or chemicals

Heterotroph

Organisms eating other organisms to get energy

Prokaryote

Tiny single cells lacking a nucleus (e.g., bacteria)

Eukaryote

Complex cells containing a nucleus and distinct organelles

Bacteria

Single-celled prokaryotes found everywhere, some causing infections

Protist

Mostly single-celled eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

Fungi

Eukaryotes like molds and mushrooms that absorb nutrients from organic matter

Virus

Non-living genetic code inside protein coats that require host cells to reproduce

Parasite

Organisms living on or inside hosts, causing them harm.

Vaccine

Biological mixtures training the immune system to fight specific germs and its made up of dead of weakend pathogens

Hyphae

Thread-like microscopic filaments forming the structural body of a fungus.

Mycelium

The thick, interconnected network composed of millions of combined hyphae.

Spores

Microscopic reproductive cells used for dispersal and surviving harsh conditions.