AP Gov MCQ 2 (copy)

Which of the following is commonly identified as a failure of the Articles of Confederation?

The national government lacked an effective power to raise revenue.

The Warren Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) demonstrates which of the following about Supreme Court decisions?

Ideological changes in the composition of the Supreme Court have led to the rejection of an existing precedent.

To get an important bill passed in the House, a provision is added that allocates $500 million to study the impact of global climate change on manatees in Florida. This is an example of

pork barrel legislation

Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the data on the bar chart?

The more consistently liberal a person is, the more that person is likely to believe that the Supreme Court should base its rulings on what the Constitution means in current times.

The data illustrate that most conservatives believe that the United States Constitution

outlines a framework for government that the Supreme Court should apply strictly regardless of the political or personal preferences of judges

In the case of McDonald v. Chicago (2010) the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense was applicable to the states. This ruling is an example of the application of the doctrine of

Selective incorporation

The Web site healthcare.gov was launched on October 1, 2013, to help citizens purchase health insurance for themselves in accordance with the Affordable Care Act. Within two hours of launch the site crashed. Once it was restored, problems continued, leading to difficulty for users. The following year, Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius was called to testify before the House Energy and Commerce Committee to discuss the issue.

The committee held this hearing as part of which of the following functions?

Oversight

After extensive polling, a member of the House of Representatives learns that her constituents favor environmental policies that conserve land use. Based on this information, the representative votes in favor of an environmental conservation bill, although she personally opposes the provision.

In doing so, she is acting as a

delegate

The president privately discusses with his staff a decision to increase economic sanctions on Iran. Before a final decision is made, a draft of the proposal is leaked to a reporter. The president orders the reporter and her newspaper to suspend publication of the plan, citing issues of national and economic security.

Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court’s ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?

Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press.

Which of the following statements is true regarding political advertisements in 2012 based on the information graphic?

Few advertisements appealed to positive emotions.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most directly related to the large amount of money spent by outside groups in the 2012 election?

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

“If we resort to violence then one of two things will happen: either the violence will be escalated and there will be many injuries and perhaps deaths on both sides, or there will be total demoralization of the workers.

“Nonviolence has exactly the opposite effect. If, for every violent act committed against us, we respond with nonviolence, we attract people’s support. We can gather the support of millions who have a conscience and would rather see a nonviolent resolution to problems. We are convinced that when people are faced with a direct appeal from the poor struggling nonviolently against great odds, they will react positively. The American people and people everywhere still yearn for justice. It is to that yearning that we appeal.

“. . . When victory comes through violence, it is a victory with strings attached. If we beat the growers at the expense of violence, victory would come at the expense of injury and perhaps death. Such a thing would have a tremendous impact on us. We would lose regard for human beings. Then the struggle would become a mechanical thing. When you lose your sense of life and justice, you lose your strength.”

César Chávez, “He Showed Us the Way,” 1978

Which of the following best describes César Chávez’ view on the use of violence versus nonviolence?

The use of nonviolent actions allows more people to be involved in the movement and effect change.

“If we resort to violence then one of two things will happen: either the violence will be escalated and there will be many injuries and perhaps deaths on both sides, or there will be total demoralization of the workers.

“Nonviolence has exactly the opposite effect. If, for every violent act committed against us, we respond with nonviolence, we attract people’s support. We can gather the support of millions who have a conscience and would rather see a nonviolent resolution to problems. We are convinced that when people are faced with a direct appeal from the poor struggling nonviolently against great odds, they will react positively. The American people and people everywhere still yearn for justice. It is to that yearning that we appeal.

“. . . When victory comes through violence, it is a victory with strings attached. If we beat the growers at the expense of violence, victory would come at the expense of injury and perhaps death. Such a thing would have a tremendous impact on us. We would lose regard for human beings. Then the struggle would become a mechanical thing. When you lose your sense of life and justice, you lose your strength.”

César Chávez, “He Showed Us the Way,” 1978

Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights could support the actions that César Chávez is encouraging the farmworkers to take?

The right to assemble

“If we resort to violence then one of two things will happen: either the violence will be escalated and there will be many injuries and perhaps deaths on both sides, or there will be total demoralization of the workers.

“Nonviolence has exactly the opposite effect. If, for every violent act committed against us, we respond with nonviolence, we attract people’s support. We can gather the support of millions who have a conscience and would rather see a nonviolent resolution to problems. We are convinced that when people are faced with a direct appeal from the poor struggling nonviolently against great odds, they will react positively. The American people and people everywhere still yearn for justice. It is to that yearning that we appeal.

“. . . When victory comes through violence, it is a victory with strings attached. If we beat the growers at the expense of violence, victory would come at the expense of injury and perhaps death. Such a thing would have a tremendous impact on us. We would lose regard for human beings. Then the struggle would become a mechanical thing. When you lose your sense of life and justice, you lose your strength.”

César Chávez, “He Showed Us the Way,” 1978

Which of the following is a similarity between the views expressed in the excerpt and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

Both César Chávez and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. argued for the continued use of nonviolence to further their causes.

Lobbyists from the Airlines for America, an advocacy group that represents commercial airlines, work with members of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and officials from the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to discuss a new policy that addresses issues of airline safety. This scenario best illustrates

an iron triangle

Which of the following clauses serves as the constitutional basis for the federal Real ID Act of 2005, a law that established uniform standards for state-issued identification cards and provided regulation of a state function?

The necessary and proper clause

While the central goal of political parties is to win elections, parties can also support democracy. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates this relationship?

Political parties use the social media site Instagram to reach out to younger voters to inform them about upcoming elections and encourage them to register to vote.

Which of the following criticisms of political campaigns is the author of the political cartoon most likely to agree with?

Candidates rely too heavily on professional consultants.

Which of the following factors that influence voters’ decision making during an election is the cartoonist poking fun at?

The candidate’s personal characteristics

At a public high school, several students raised a banner and wore clothing in support of a candidate running in the upcoming presidential election during lunch period. The principal asked the students to put away the banner, citing safety concerns.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

Which of the following ideals of democracy is reflected in the procedure for apportionment in the House of Representatives?

Government is based on the consent of the governed.

Which of the following is a model of democracy that emphasizes the role of interest groups in advocating for public policy?

Pluralist democracy

The process shown in the diagram is outlined in which of the following parts of the United States Constitution?

Article V

The process in the diagram reflects which of the following about the perspective of the framers on constitutional government?

The system should be able to accommodate political change, but the process for change should incorporate checks and balances.

Which of the following portrays an accurate example of horse race media coverage?

News media outlets report the results of public opinion polls that show the relative popularity of presidential candidates.

On September 29, 2020, after the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, President Donald Trump, a Republican, nominated Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court. Many Democrats in the Senate feared that the appointment of Barrett would swing the Court in a more ideologically conservative direction and attempted to block her nomination. After a heated Senate confirmation hearing, Barrett was eventually confirmed by a 52 to 48 vote in the Senate.

The scenario best highlights which of the following statements about court appointees?

Life tenure for appointed justices alongside the power of judicial review increases the stakes in the confirmation process for nominees to the Supreme Court.

An investigative reporter uncovers illegal and unethical behavior on the part of a state government official. When the local newspaper announces that it will publish the story, the state government issues an injunction to stop the story from being released before being reviewed by government lawyers.

Which of the following best represents how the court will most likely respond to the case?

The newspapers will be permitted to publish the story without a review by the government’s lawyers.

A polling firm tried to predict the results of an election by sampling 1,000 adults within a state for two days prior to the election, using landline telephones of likely voters. After the election, the firm found that their poll results were not close to the actual election results.

Which of the following recommendations would be the best for the firm to follow in the future?

Sample people who have cell phones, in addition to those with landlines.

Which of the following statements is supported by data in the graph?

The higher the income, the more likely that the person will support smaller government.

Which of the following statements is consistent with data shown in the bar graph?

Republicans are more likely than Democrats to believe that there should be fewer regulations on businesses to promote economic growth and increase wages.

A citizen who uses the rational choice model of voting behavior selects candidates for office based on

what is thought to be in the citizen’s own self-interest

During an investigation, police officers find illegal drugs while searching a home for which they did not acquire a warrant. Which of the following would prevent the drugs from being used as evidence at trial?

The exclusionary rule

A number of states, including Georgia and Ohio, have passed laws that revoke voter registration if a person did not vote in recent election cycles. Which of the following is a likely consequence of these laws?

Occasional voters will not be able to vote on election day, which could influence election results.

In 2012, after negotiations on a bill in Congress failed, President Obama issued an executive order that protected from deportation individuals illegally brought to the United States as children by their parents. The president took this action because

disagreement between congressional leaders and the president on the issue meant that a compromise on a bill was not likely

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on the table?

The bill was able to pass because some Republicans and Independents voted for it along with all Democrats.

The data in the table illustrate which of the following about United States constitutional government?

Presidential foreign policy can be checked through the legislative power of Congress.

The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to [operate their business] would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume authority which could safely be trusted, not to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who [was so arrogant to think] himself fit to exercise it.

To . . . direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals . . . in almost all cases [is] a useless or hurtful regulation. If the produce of domestic [industry] can be brought there as cheap as that of foreign industry, the regulation is evidently useless. If it cannot, it must generally be hurtful.

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776

Which of the following best summarizes the perspective of Adam Smith in the passage?

The government should not try to regulate manufacturing.

The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to [operate their business] would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume authority which could safely be trusted, not to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who [was so arrogant to think] himself fit to exercise it.

To . . . direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals . . . in almost all cases [is] a useless or hurtful regulation. If the produce of domestic [industry] can be brought there as cheap as that of foreign industry, the regulation is evidently useless. If it cannot, it must generally be hurtful.

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776

Which of the following ideals of United States government is most relevant to this passage?

Limited government

The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to [operate their business] would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume authority which could safely be trusted, not to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who [was so arrogant to think] himself fit to exercise it.

To . . . direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals . . . in almost all cases [is] a useless or hurtful regulation. If the produce of domestic [industry] can be brought there as cheap as that of foreign industry, the regulation is evidently useless. If it cannot, it must generally be hurtful.

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776

Based on the passage and your knowledge, which of the following most likely explains how Adam Smith might react to the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ?

Smith would disapprove of the court's decision to expand the federal government's power to regulate the economy.

The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to [operate their business] would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume authority which could safely be trusted, not to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who [was so arrogant to think] himself fit to exercise it.

To . . . direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals . . . in almost all cases [is] a useless or hurtful regulation. If the produce of domestic [industry] can be brought there as cheap as that of foreign industry, the regulation is evidently useless. If it cannot, it must generally be hurtful.

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776

Which of the following positions on the government’s role in the marketplace is most influenced by the idea expressed in the passage?

Government intervention in the free market should be avoided.

Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would be applied to the First Amendment?

A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change.

Which of the following is a consequence of having concurrent powers within a federal system of government?

Citizens and interest groups seeking policy change can choose from multiple access points.

Which of the following best represents how each linkage institution influences policy making?

B

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of checks on the legislative branch and checks on the executive branch?

A

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?

B

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the relative functions and electoral success of the two major political parties (Democratic and Republican) and third parties?

B

Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of the processes that generally facilitate gridlock and those that facilitate governmental action?

D

Which of the following statements is supported by the data on the map?

Texas (TX) has a higher rate of uninsured people than New Jersey (NJ).

Which of the following characteristics best explains the data on the map?

Federalism creates differences between states on the implementation of health-care policy.

Which of the following statements is true based on the data in the line graph?

In the 2000 election, the gap between voters 65 and older and 18–29 years old was 2%, with voters older than 65 preferring the Democratic candidate.

Which of the following is the best explanation for the trend in voting behavior after the 2000 election?

The events that shaped the generation turning 18 after the year 2000 tended to create more liberal-minded voters who supported Democrats.

Which of the following represents a consequence of candidate-centered electoral campaigns?

A decrease in the role of political parties in campaign management

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a president avoiding a check from the judicial branch?

The president instructs the bureaucracy to delay implementing policy changes resulting from a Supreme Court decision.

After hours of interrogation by police a suspect confesses to multiple felony offenses. His attorney objected to the admission of the confession because he was not advised of his right to have an attorney present nor his protection from self-incrimination.

Which amendments are most relevant to this scenario?

The Fifth and Sixth Amendments