Gas exchange in Humans (2.39-2.40)

Breathing:

Set of muscular movements that gives the respiratory surface a constant supply of fresh air.

Blood supply

________- carried by pulmonary veins and arteries to carry gases to and from the surface.

regular air

Well ventilated: Concentration gradient is maintained by ________ supply.

Rings of cartilage

________ surround the trachea (and bronchi) support the airways and keep them open during breathing.

carbon dioxide

More ________ is produced as a result and the increased ________ concentration in the blood leads to an increase in blood acidity.

Thin

________: Gases have short distances to diffuse over.

Large surface area

________: Many gas molecules can diffuse at once (faster rate of diffusion)

mucus

The ________ is made by goblet cells.

tidal volume

Increased ________- more air per breath.

traps

The mucus is produced by goblet cells and ________ bacteria, dust, particles.

thorax volume

When the ________ decreases it increases the air pressure inside the thorax (above atmospheric pressure)

Gas exchange

________: Swapping oxygen for carbondioxide through a(n) ________ surface.

presence of carbon dioxide

Limewater test to confirm the ________ in expired air.

Respiratory surface

membrane lining the alveoli.

traps particles

The mucus ________, pathogens like bacteria or viruses, and dust and prevents them getting into the lungs and damaging the cells there.

thorax volume

When the ________ increases it reduces the air pressure inside the thorax (below atmospheric pressure)

Gas exchange

Swapping oxygen for carbondioxide through a gas exchange surface

Thin

Gases have short distances to diffuse over

Large surface area

Many gas molecules can diffuse at once (faster rate of diffusion)

Moist

Cells die if not kept moist

Well ventilated

Concentration gradient is maintained by regular air supply

Close to blood supply

Gases can be carried to and from cells

Breathing

Set of muscular movements that gives the respiratory surface a constant supply of fresh air

Increased breathing rate

more breaths per minute

Increased tidal volume

more air per breath