APUSH unit 4

What key principles did the Democratic-Republicans emphasize?

States' rights, agriculture, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Who founded the Democratic-Republican Party?

Thomas Jefferson.

What did the Federalists support?

A strong central government, commerce, and loose interpretation of the Constitution.

Who led the Federalist Party?

Alexander Hamilton.

What significant shift occurred during Jefferson's presidency (1801-1809)?

A shift in political power favoring agrarian interests and reducing the federal government's role.

What is sectionalism?

The growing divide between the North and South due to economic, social, and political differences.

What was the role of federal government during the early 19th century?

Debates over the extent of federal power versus states' rights regarding tariffs, land policies, and government spending.

What was the focus of American foreign policy during this period?

Expanding trade and maintaining neutrality in European conflicts.

What were the main causes of the War of 1812?

Impressment of American sailors, trade restrictions, and territorial expansion.

What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?

A principle stating that any European intervention in the Americas would be viewed as hostile, asserting U.S. influence.

What advancements characterized the Market Revolution?

Technological advancements such as the cotton gin, steam engine, and telegraph.

How did the growth of factories impact society?

Led to urbanization and a shift from agrarian to factory work.

What was the Cult of Domesticity?

Ideology emphasizing women's roles as caretakers of the home and moral guardians of society.

What is Jacksonian Democracy?

The promotion of greater political participation for the common man, including universal white male suffrage.

What was the Nullification Crisis?

Tension between federal authority and states' rights, particularly in South Carolina, over tariffs.

What was the Bank War?

Andrew Jackson's campaign against the Second Bank of the United States, impacting the financial system.

What did the Second Great Awakening emphasize?

Individual piety and social reform through a religious revival movement.

What was Transcendentalism?

A philosophical movement advocating for self-reliance, individualism, and a connection with nature.

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

The 1848 event marking the beginning of the organized women's rights movement.

Who were notable figures in the abolitionist movement?

Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison.

What characterized slave culture in the early republic?

Rich cultural traditions, including music, religion, and family structures among enslaved people.

What were the impacts of westward movement?

Displacement of Native American tribes and conflicts over land and resources.

What was the Missouri Compromise (1820)?

An attempt to maintain balance between free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

A key figure in the women's rights movement and organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention.

What did Frederick Douglass advocate for?

Emancipation and civil rights for African Americans.

Who was Andrew Jackson?

President known for promoting Jacksonian Democracy and opposing the Second Bank of the United States.

What did the American System emphasize?

A plan to strengthen and unify the nation through a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.

What was the significance of the Election of 1824?

Controversial election where John Quincy Adams was elected by the House of Representatives despite losing the popular vote.

What was the purpose of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

To relocate Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to designated territories west of the Mississippi River.

What were the main themes of 19th-century reform movements?

Social justice, abolition, women's rights, and temperance.

Who wrote 'Common Sense,' advocating for independence from Britain?

Thomas Paine.

What was the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Allowed territories to decide on slavery, leading to violent conflict known as 'Bleeding Kansas.'

What economic event caused widespread hardship in the United States in the late 1830s?

The Panic of 1837.

What did the term 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?

The belief that the expansion of the U.S. across the American continents was justified and inevitable.

What was the Gold Rush and when did it occur?

A mass migration to California following the discovery of gold in 1848.

What role did Susan B. Anthony play in the women’s rights movement?

Advocate for women's suffrage and co-organizer of the women's rights movement.