cardiac output

what defines cardio output (CO)

amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in 1 minute HR X SV

What is cardiac reserve

maximal CO - resting CO

what is stroke voume

volume pumped by one ventricle with each beat

what is EDV

THE AMOUINT OF BLOOD THAT HAS FILLED ONE VENTRICLE AFTER THE av VALVES CLOSE BEFORE VENTRICLE SYSTOLE

What is ESV

the amount of blood left behind in ventricles after ejection phase when all valves are closed

what is the equation for SV

SV+EDV-ESV

what are the three main factors that affect SV

preload, contractility, afterload

what is preload

degree of stretch of heart muscle cells before they contract

where you increase stretch (preload) this increases EDV what does this do to SV

INCREASES

what is the most important preload stretching of cardiac muscle

venous return

what increases venous return

slow HR, and exercise

what is contractility defined as

the strength of contraction at a given muscle length

increase contractility lowers what

ESV

Increase contractility increases what

SV and CO

positive inotropic agents do what

increase contractility

factors that decrease contractility are called what

negative inotrpoic agents

what is the defention of afterload

the pressure that ventricles must overcome to eject blood

what increases heart rate

positive chronotropic factors

what are the factors called that decrease heart rate

negative chronotropic factors

what is the Bainbridge reflex

induced by SNS by increased venous return then increase atrial filling

heart beat of over 100 is reffered to as what

tachycardia

heart beat lower than 60 is refferd to as what

bradycardia

heart failure left sided causes back up of blood where

In the lungs

heart failure on the right side can cause back up of blood here

in organs and tissues