AP Euro Topic: 7.3 National Unification/Diplomatic Tensions

Crimean War

a conflict, lasting from 1853 to 1856, in which the Ottoman Empire, with the aid of Britain and France, halted Russian expansion in the region of the Black Sea. Broke the Concert of Europe.

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Victor Emmanuel II

first king of a united Italy

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Realpolitik

the practice of acting for political power rather than for a religious, moral, or ideological goal.

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

The sword of Italian unification who unified southern Italy then gave up power to have a united Italy.

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Kaiser Wilhelm II

Emperor of Germany who fired Otto von Bismarck and set Germany on the path to WWI.

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Three Emperors' League

Agreement in 1870s between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia designed to avoid conflict in the Balkans.

Reinsurance Treaty

secret treaty signed between Germany and Russia that they'd be neutral if the other got into a war with a major power (exception if Germany attacks France or Russia attacks Austria)

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Dual Alliance

Germany's secret treaty with Austria which provided for support if attacked by Russia.

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Triple Alliance

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI promised mutual support if attacked.

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Congress of Berlin

Assembly of representatives from Germany, Russia, Hungary, Britain, France, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire. Meeting was to reorganize the countries of the Balkans and lessen tensions there.

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Entente Cordial

Agreement between France and Britain, stated that Britain would help France in the case that France was attacked by Germany

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Triple Entente

A military defensive alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

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Balkans

Multi-Ethnic peninsula in southeastern Europe. Became a growing source of tension in late 19th c.

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Bosnia Herzegovina

region annexed by Austria-Hungary that sought independence and was the source of the tensions leading to WWI.

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Balkan Wars

two wars (1912-1913) that were fought over the last of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire. Rose nationalist tensions in the region.

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