VME3002 The Cat Exam 1

As of 2017, how many lineages and species of cats are there?

a) 7 lineages, 37 species

b) 7 lineages, 41 species

c) 8 lineages, 37 species

d) 8 lineages, 41 species

d) 8 lineages, 41 species

Which of the 8 cat lineages is this breed of cat found?

Bay Cat

3,700

Statuettes in Israel

2000 years ago...

Cat remains found in Germany

9500 years ago...

Bones of cats found in Cyprus, buried with humans

3600 years ago...

Artwork in Egypt

What subspecies of wildcat did domestic cats originate from?

a) Felis silvestris silvestris

b) Felis silvestris lybica

c) Felis silvestris ornata

d) Felis silvestris cafra

b) Felis silvestris lybica

Which of the following does not belong in the ocelot lineage?

a) Pampas cat

b) Pallas cat

c) Kodkod

d) Margay

b) Pallas cat - belongs in Asian Leopard Cat lineage

Which of the following does not belong in the Ocelot Lineage?

a) Pampas Cat

b) Canada lynx

c) Kodkod

d) Margay

b) Canada lynx

What is true about feline migrations?

a) Sea levels rose and created "bridges" that allowed cats to migrate to other continents.

b) Sea levels fell, but never rose again and cats were able to continuously move back and forth via "bridges" between continents and caused population genetics to change.

c) Sea levels fell and created "bridges" that allowed cats to migrate to other continents.

d) Sea levels stayed the same and cats migrated back and forth between continents.

c) Sea levels fell and created bridges that allowed cats to migrate to other continents.

How did we learn about the origin of the cat?

a) Lots of great fossils

b) Complete sets of fossils

c) Advances in DNA studies

d) All of the above

Advances in DNA studies NOT fossils - record is sparce

Which of the 8 lineages has the most diverse group of cats in regard to size?

a) Caracal

b) Ocelot

c) Puma

d) Leopard Cat

Puma

How many domestic cats are found worldwide?

1.5 million cats

400 million cats

600 million cats

200 bilion cats

600 million cats

The domestic cat ancestor emerged...

10.8 MYA

8.9 MYA

6.2 MYA

3.4 MYA

3.4 MYA

"Cat of the Dog Word"

Abyssinian

"Working breed/Athletic"

American Shorthair

"One of the easiest cats to handle"

Birman

"Only native longhaired American Breed"

Maine Coon

T/F: Each cat registry has a different number of breeds that they recognize, but they have the same breed standards and show rules?

False

The TICA recognizes how many cat breeds?

25

45

73

75

73

What breed of cat always has a short, dense silver tipped coat and green eyes?

Devon Rex

Ragdoll

Russian Blue

Siamese

Russian Blue

What percentage of Scottish Fold kittens in a litter are born with folded ears?

10%

25%

50%

100%

50%

What breed of cat is this?

Somali - longhaired abyssinian

What is something unique about this breed of cat?

Ragdoll - one of the largest cat breeds

What cat breed was almost lost during WWII and DSH crosses were used to revive that breed?

British Shorthair

American Shorthair

Bombay

Turkish Angora

British Shorthair

T/F: The gene that makes the curly coat in the Cornish Rex is the exact same as the Devon Rex?

False - Kallibunker (Cornish Rex) has different gene than feral tom cat that had Cornish Rex gene

This cat breed is born with color points that are dark but as the cat gets older and the coat matures, the body color becomes deeper and richer and eventually there is very little different between the points and the rest of the body color...

Abyssinian

Burmese

Birman

Bombay

Burmese

In order to differentiate a cat from a chicken, which genetic material is typically used?

Examination of a specific gene in the sex chromosomes

Examination of a specific gene in the autosomes

Examination of a specific gene in the mitochondrial DNA

None of the above options are correct

Mitochondrial DNA

The physical appearance of a cat is influenced by...

Various alleles

Various genetic mutations

The environment a cat lives in

All of the above

Various alleles, various genetic mutations, and environment aka all the above

__________ is the inactivation of one of the X chromosomes to prevent the over expression of genes in the sex chromosomes of females compared to males.

Canonization

Lyonization

Splice variants

Gene fragmentation

Lyonization

The color point mutation is the lack of the ________ enzyme in melanin production?

beta galoctosidase

melanophilin

hexosaminidase A and B

tyrosinase

Tyrosinase

What is an X-linked recessive disease in cats?

Poly cystic kidney disease

Muscular dystrophy

Gangliosidosis

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Muscular dystrophy

What is a reason why genetic tests can yield incorrect results?

Incomplete penetrance

Multiple genes can contribute to a phenotype

Redundancy in the genetic code

All of the above

Incomplete penetrance, multiple genes can contribute to one phenotype, and redundancy in the genetic code aka all the above

What cat breed has a higher predisposition to PKD?

Persian

Norwegian Forest

Scottish fold

Bengal

Persian

Which agouti genotypes result in a solid color hair?

A/A and A/a

a/a

a/a (solid coat is recessive)

The cost to sequence the genome of a cat is approximately...

$750

$1,500

$50,000

$100,000

$750

T/F: There is a genetic test to screen for potential ancestry in a cat.

True

The shoulder of the cat is _________ to the elbow, or that the elbow is __________ to the shoulder.

Ventral, dorsal

Dorsal, ventral

Caudal, cranial

Cranial, caudal

dorsal, ventral

When thinking about an injury to a cat's tail, if the injury was at the tip of the tail, you would say that it is a ________ injury.

Distal

Proximal

Rostral

Cranial

Distal

What anatomical structure is the red arrow pointing to in the diagram below? 41

kidney

How many of each type of vertebra do felines have?

7 and 13

13 and 7

7 and 7

7 and 3

Cervical: 7

Thoracic: 13

Lumbar: 7

Sacral: 3 fused

Caudal: 18+ (depends on breed)

7 and 7

Attachment site that does not move

Muscle origin

Attachment site that moves

Muscle insertion

Joint angle that decreases

Flexion

Join angle that increases

Extension

T/F: You should always do a rectal exam on a cat as part of your physical exam, regardless of their size and condition.

False - wouldn't do one on a kitten unless absolutely necessary!!

What is true about the heart?

a) The right side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the right side is thinner and doesn't have as much muscle.

b) The right side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the rest of the body, so it has a lot of pressure and has a much thicker muscle.

c) The left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the left side is thinner and doesn't have as much muscle.

d) The left side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the rest of the body, so it has a lot of pressure and has a much thicker muscle.

a) The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the right side of the heart is thinner and doesn't have as much muscle (compared to the left side that pumps blood into circulation).

Venipuncture options for cats:

1) cephalic (arm)

2) jugular (neck)

3) saphenous (lateral and medial, medial easier to hold for)

T/F: Bony protuberances are attachment points for muscles and are good landmarks for palpation.

True

Up to what % of hyperthyroid cats have a palpable thyroid goiter?

10%

30%

70%

90%

90%

What part of the neuron is the red arrow pointing to and what is its function?

Axon terminals: release the neurotransmitters.

Full body tremors, hypersalivating and swallowing frequently, aware of surroundings, ataxia

Pyrethrin toxicity

SLUDGE-M

Organophosphate toxicity

Weakness (little or a lot), loss of postural reflexes

Coral snake envenomation

Head tilt, nystagmus, dullness or stupor

Vestibular syndrome

Which of the following could be a cause of a seizure

Toxoplasma

Electrolyte abnormalities

Rabies

All of the above.

Toxoplasma, electrolyte abnormalities, rabies aka all the above

Pyrethrin toxicity in cats can be caused by...

Giving cats large dog tick and flea medication.

Cats getting into antifreeze and coolant.

From getting bit by a tick

All of the above.

Giving cats large dog tick and flea medication (i.e. Advantix)

What is true about a caudal spinal cord injury?

Complete dislocation of caudal vertebrae.

Often caused by a "tail pull" injury.

This spinal injury is the most common one.

All of the above.

Complete dislocation of caudal vertebrae, often caused by "tail pull" injury, the spinal injury is the most common one aka all the above

What is true about the PNS?

a) Primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is acetylcholine.

b) The function of the sympathetic system is the "rest or digest".

c) The sympathetic nervous system is the involuntary contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle.

d) All of the above.

a) Primary NT of the parasympathetic NS is acetylcholine.

How does the neurologic system function?

a) The sensory receptors collect information from the body's internal and external conditions and passes them on to the central nervous system for further processing by afferent neurons and nerves.

b) Integration is the processing of the many sensory signals that are passed in the central nervous system at any given time and takes place in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, performed by interneurons.

c) Efferent neurons are also called motor neurons and carry signals from the gray matter of the central nervous system through the nerves of the peripheral nervous system to effector cells.

d) All of the above.

D all of the above

If a cat is on the floor preparing to jump onto the couch, this act would come from what part of the NS?

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Somatic (voluntary)

Which of the following causes a lower motor neuron, neuromuscular disease in cats?

Pyrethrin toxicity

Coral snake envenomation

Ethylene glycol

Narcotic/recreational drugs

Coral snake envenomation

Which of the following is correct about cat nutrition?

A good cat food is one that has been formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by AAFCO

Match the following parasites in cats according to if they are zoonotic or non-zoonotic:

Hookworms

Roundworms

Tapeworms

Heartworms

Hookworms zoonotic

Roundworms zoonotic

Tapeworms non-zoonotic

Heartworms non-zoonotic

What is true about feline parasites?

a) Cat patients usually mount an immune response to heartworms, but this severe immune response can cause further problems with their lungs (heartworm associated respiratory disease)

b) Arthropods don't generally cause disease, but they do carry diseases

c) When a cat licks/grooms themselves, if they ingest a flea, they can get infected with tapeworms.

d) All of the above

all the above

Match the parasite prevention to oral or topical and the protection it provides:

Bravecto plus

Interceptor

Revolution

Credelio

Bravecto plus Topical/Fleas, Ticks, & Heartworm

Interceptor Oral/Heartworm

Revolution Topical/Heartworm and Fleas

Credelio Oral/Fleas

The dendritic ulcers that are seen in this photo are often correlated with which of the following viruses?

a) Feline Herpes

b) Calcivirus

c) Panleukopenia

d) Heartworm

Feline Herpes

If a cats eyes are moving in a pendular motion, not fast or slow, this is a sign of vestibular syndrome?

False

Which of the following could help you distinguish whether a cat has had a seizure or not?

a) Length of the episode.

b) Visuals - body contractions, hypersalivating, urination, etc.

c) Behavior observations before and after (pre and post ictal).

d) All of the above.

Length of episode, visuals - body contractions, hypersalivation, urination, etc., behavioral observations before and after (pre and post ictal)

Match the following vaccines to their corresponding information:

rabies

FVRCP

FeLV

FIV

Rabies Required by law in the state of Florida and is 100% fatal once clinical signs appear

FVRCP Vaccination against several viruses and given to kittens every 2-4 weeks while they are nursing

FeLV core vaccine for kittens but can be given to adults if at risk of exposure

FIV Currently no vaccine for this virus in the US

Feline Herpes Virus 1

aka Rhinotracheitis: core vx

Rabies

Core vx

Chlamydia Felis vx

Non-core vx

FIV vx

Non-core vx

Which of the following statements is correct about feline vaccinations?

a) The FVRCP vaccine is very important because there aren't specific drugs or antibiotics to fight viruses in cats and therefore treatment is limited to supportive care

b) Lifestyle vaccines should be given to all cats regardless because the targeted diseases are common, can cause significant illness and death, and are generally highly contagious

c) Cats that test positive for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) should be euthanized as soon as a positive test has been determined

d) There is a vaccination to treat feline Heartworms

a) The FVRCP vaccine is very important because there aren't specific drugs or antibiotics to fight viruses in cats and therefore treatment is limited to supportive care

Which of the following are the two most common medical conditions to cats?

Arthritis and dental disease

Obesity and arthritis

Obesity and dental disease

Hyperthyroidism and stress/anxiety

Obesity and dental disease

Which of the following should you remember to do when performing a physical exam on a cat?

a) There are several places you need to check for swollen lymph nodes on a cat, which can be sign of disease

b) If a cat comes in for the appointment with a specific issue (i.e. mass), you should still complete a full physical exam

c) You only need to run bloodwork every other year or so (unless there is a problem) until a cat reaches 6-7 years old, then you should conduct bloodwork at every yearly checkup and more frequently if needed

d) All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is true about tooth problems in cats?

a) Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva/gum tissue that surrounds the teeth, but nothing needs to be done unless the cat is showing signs of pain or isn't eating

b) Most of a cat's tooth is found below the gumline and therefore a radiograph is recommended to check for dental disease below the gumline and to assess bone loss/decay

c) You can extract multiple teeth from a cat, but they will often have difficulty eating

d) All of the above

b) Most of a cat's tooth is found below the gumline and therefore a radiograph is recommended to check for dental disease below the gumline and to assess bone loss/decay

When considering a cat's environment, which of the following should they have access to?

a) Safe places to hide

b) access to windows

c) free choice access to clean water

d) all of the above

D

What is true about litter box habits in cats?

Burying feces and urine is a behavior that cats learn early in life

What is true about cat oral care?

If you start brushing their teeth as a kitten, you can acclimate them to having their teeth brushed

What is true about cat nutrition?

Cat that is pregnant/nursing will require a different diet, there are special diets for medical conditions, cats should have small frequent meals

What could be a sign that a cat is in pain?

Lying tucked up versus curled up, grooming less, squinting their eyes (could also be a sign of contentment)

Assessing a cat's heart, lungs, and nervous system are all part of a visual exam

False - medical exam

What is true about preventative cat care and vxs?

a) Cheaper to administer a vaccine then to treat a condition that the cat could be susceptible to otherwise.

b) There are oral, topical, and injectable types of dewormers on the market.

c) Bartonella spp. and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses.

d) all of the above

D

What is true about common cat diseases?

a) FIV is spread mostly through cat bites

b) FeLV is grooming dz

c) FIV can test negative later in life if positive as a kitten (maternal antibodies)

d) all of the above

D

Assessing grooming can give an indication if a cat is under stress of not.

True

A function of the liver includes:

a) Synthesis of plasma protein

b) Maintains blood sugar

c) Produces bile

d) All of the above

D

Transamination reactions transfer an ________ to a __________

a) keto acid, amino group

b) amino group, keto acid

c) carboxyl group, amino acid

d) amino acid, carboxyl group

b)amino group to a keto acid

In the ___________, keto acid are formed and ammonia.

a) oxidative deamination

b) krebs cycle

c) urea cycle

d) transamination

Oxidative deamination

Which is more toxic, ammonia or urea?

Ammonia

Urea

Both are equally toxic

None of the above

No answer text provided.

Ammonia

There are ____ essential amino acids in humans.

8

9

10

11

9 (dogs have 10, cats have 11)

During transamination reactions, ______ is produced.

citrate

ornithine

pyruvate

arginosuccinate

Pyruvate

Which molecule is an amino acid?

Citrulline

Arginine

Arginosuccinate

All of the above

Citrulline, arginosuccinate, ornithine (used in urea cycle), arginine

What is a procedure that allows you to visualize blood flow through the portal vein, into the liver and heart?

Portal venogram

Scintigraphy

No answer text provided.

No answer text provided.

Scintigraphy (venogram: only visualize portal vein outline via contract and x-ray)

Cats that have portosystemic shunt exhibit which characteristic?

Vomiting

Poor weight gain

Seizures

It can be some of the above or all of the above depending on the cat

vomiting, poor weight gain, seizures: some or all

What is the vein called that flows to the liver, and sometimes can be shunted in cats?

Vena cava

Portal vein

Azygos vein

Systemic vein

Portal vein

Which of the following is true about interventional radiology?

a) These procedures are less invasive than historical procedures.

b) It started to take off in the last 20-30 years.

c) Companies have started to develop technologically advanced devices and imaging modalities that make it possible.

d) All of the above.

These procedures are less invasive than historical procedures. Started to take off in last 20-30 yrs. Companies have started to develop technologically advanced devices and imaging modalities that make it possible

What is the purpose of interventional embolization with a device like a percutaneous coil embolization?

a) To extract the portosystemic shunt from the cat.

b) To allow partial and/or gradual attenuation of blood flow to the deprived liver.

c) To divert the blood flow away from the liver and into the rest of the systemic circulation.

d) All of the above.

b) To allow partial and/or gradual attenuation of blood flow to the deprived liver

The medial survival rates for partial ligation (PL) were

<2 years

~3-4 years

~6 years

~10 years

3-4 yrs