DNA - CONTINUATION

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Last updated 12:36 PM on 4/11/26
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15 Terms

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the process of replication

  1. the double helix unwinds into two strands

  2. the weak hydrogen bonds break

  3. the DNA unzips

  4. the loose nucleotides build a complementary DNA strands

  5. DNA polymerase joins the nucleotides together

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why is replication necessary

so that genetic code can be passed on new daughter cells during cell division

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What is the function of RNA

is to carry instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes

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similarities of DNA and RNA

  • made up of polymers

  • nucleotides are made up of sugar

  • four nitrogenous bases

  • needed for protein synthesis

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Types of RNA

1 mRNA

  1. tRNA

  2. rRNA

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What does mRNA do ?

it carries genetic code to the ribosomes

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what does tRNA do ?

it picks up amino acids and takes them to the ribosomes

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what does rRNA do ?

it plays a role of controlling protein synthesis

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what is protein synthesis

is the process of making proteins

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Transcription

  1. A small piece of DNA unwinds

2. The enzyme RNA polymerase catalyses the process and separates the two DNA strands by breaking weak hydrogen bond

  1. RNA polymerase attaches to one DNA strand(the template strand)and moves along it .

  2. complementary nucleotides pair up with the DNA template strand

  3. the nucleotides join to form a sugar-phosphate backbone,producing the nRNA strand.

  4. the sequence of mRNA nucleotides is determined by the sequence of the DNA template

  5. DNA transcribes its genetic code to mRNA

  6. the genetic cide is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

  7. Uracil is mRNA pairs with adenine instead of thymine

  8. the completed mRNA breaks away, and the DNA re-zips

  9. the mRNA moves through the nulear pores to the ribosomes

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Translation

  1. the single mRNA formed in the nucleus attaches to the ribosome

  2. mRNA provides the code for linking amino acids to form a specific protein

  3. tRNA picks up amino acids and brings them to the ribosomes

  4. the anticodons determines which amino acid will bind to the tRNA.

  5. the codons and anti codons are completementary

  6. the stop codon stops the process

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Name the enzyme that catalyses the process of replication

DNA polymerase

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name the enzyme that catalyses the process of replication

DNA polymerase

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what colour is the DNA strand when it is new?

Dark

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what is mitochondral eve

it means that if we would trace the maternal side mDNA would be the first point on this network